灰漠土长期定位施肥方式对农田土壤有机碳含量及作物产量的影响

Effects of Organic Material Application Patterns on the Enhancement of Organic Carbon and Crop Yield in Grey Desert Soil

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 为阐明有机物料添加对土壤有机碳（SOC）提升及作物增产效应的影响。
    方法 本文通过始于1990年的灰漠土长期定位施肥试验，研究了7种典型施肥处理（不施肥，CK；氮磷钾，NPK；常量氮磷钾 + 常量有机肥，NPKM；增量氮磷钾 + 增量有机肥，1.5NPKM；氮磷钾 + 秸秆还田，NPKS；秸秆还田，S；单施有机肥，M）的SOC含量变化、不同碳源投入与SOC含量的关系以及SOC含量与作物产量的相关性，并探讨不同施肥对土壤理化性质的影响。
    结果 ①长期施肥下，NPKM、1.5NPKM和M处理SOC含量与施肥年限极显著正相关，33年后较CK处理分别提高了15.65、29.45和27.34 g kg−1。②与不施肥处理相比，施肥可增加农田根茬碳的输入量，增加幅度为1.10 ~ 1.61 t hm−2；SOC含量与总有机碳投入量之间呈极显著线性相关。③在0 ~ 20，20 ~ 40 cm土层中，与NPK处理相比，有机肥的添加（NPKM、1.5NPKM、M）显著提高了土壤的速效养分含量。④SOC含量的增加促进了作物产量提高，SOC含量每增加1.00 g kg−1，小麦、玉米和棉花产量分别提高132.25、105.48和61.02 kg hm−2；NPKM和1.5NPKM处理下，SOC对作物增产的稳定性优于NPK处理。⑤相关性分析表明，土壤有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮与SOC含量、作物产量呈正相关关系，而pH与其呈负相关。
    结论 外源有机物料的添加不仅增加SOC含量，有利于有机碳的固存，还能够提高土壤速效养分含量，最终提升作物产量；有机肥的添加可降低土壤pH，有机肥与化肥配施是几种施肥方式中的最佳施肥措施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aim was to explain the effects of organic material addition on soil organic carbon (SOC) and crop yield.
    Methods This study was carried out in long-term locational fertilization experiment station on grey desert soil started in 1990. Seven typical fertilization treatments (no fertilization, CK; MacroNPK, NPK; MacroNPK + Macroorganic fertilizer, NPKM; incremental NPK + incremental organic fertilizer, 1.5NPKM; MacroNPK + straw returning, NPKS; straw returning, S; single application of organic fertilizer, M) were used to study SOC content changes, the relationship between various carbon inputs and SOC content, and the correlation between SOC content and crop yield. It also examined the effects of various fertilizers on the physicochemical properties of soil.
    Results ① Under long-term fertilization, SOC contents under NPKM, 1.5NPKM and M treatments were significantly positively correlated with the years of fertilization, and increased by 15.65, 29.45 and 27.34 g kg−1 compared with CK treatment after 33 years, respectively. ② Compared with no fertilization treatment, fertilization could increase the carbon input of the field root by 1.10 ~ 1.61 t hm−2. There was a significant linear correlation between SOC content and total organic carbon input. ③ In 0 ~ 20, 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer, the addition of organic fertilizer (NPKM, 1.5NPKM, M) significantly increased the soil available nutrient content compared with NPK treatment. ④ The increase of SOC content promoted the increase of crop yield. The wheat, maize, and cotton yields increased by 132.25, 105.48, and 61.02 kg hm−2, respectively, when the SOC content every increased by 1.00 g kg−1. The stability of SOC on crop yield increase in NPK treatment was superior to those in NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments. ⑤ Correlation analysis showed that soil available phosphorus, available potassium and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were positively correlated with SOC content and crop yield, while pH was negatively correlated with SOC content.
    Conclusion The addition of exogenous organic materials not only increased SOC content, but also was conducive to the sequestration of organic carbon and the content of soil available nutrients, and finally improved crop yield. The addition of organic fertilizer can reduce soil pH, and the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer is the best method of fertilization.

     

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