不同年限梯田土壤团聚体组成特征及演变趋势研究

Composition Characteristics and Evolution Trends of Soil Aggregates in Terraced Fields with different Ages

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探索不同年限梯田土壤团聚体组成特征，明确土壤团聚体分布特征与稳定性变化规律，为梯田土壤质量变化研究提供科学依据。
    方法 选取黄河中游地区永和县不同时间（2010 ~ 2022年）修建的梯田为研究对象，采用干筛湿筛法对土壤团聚体组成特征与稳定性及其演变趋势进行研究。
    结果 永和县梯田土壤机械稳定性团聚体主要以 > 5 mm、2 ~ 5 mm、 < 0.25 mm三个粒级为主，水稳定性团聚体以 < 0.25 mm粒级为主。随着梯田年限的延长，机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体几何平均直径（GMD）、团聚体稳定率（WSAR）逐渐增大，机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体分形维数（D）以及团聚体破坏率（PAD 0.25）逐渐减小。随梯田年限的延长，土壤团聚体稳定性逐渐提高，在第9年后提升较快。受耕作和管理等人为活动影响，随土层加深，土壤团聚体稳定性提升存在逐渐延迟现象。土壤有机质含量和容重与土壤团聚体稳定性参数存在极显著相关性。
    结论 黄河中游地区，“坡改梯”后随着梯田年限的延长，土壤团聚体稳定性逐步增强，土壤容重和有机质是影响团聚体稳定性的重要因素。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aim was to explore the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates in terraced fields with different ages, and to understand the relationship of composition characteristics and stability change of soil aggregates. The results will provide scientific evidence for the quality of terrace soil.
    Method Terraces, constructed at different times (2010 - 2022) in Yonghe County, middle reaches of the Yellow River, were selected as the research objects. The dry-wet sieve method was used to study the characteristics and stability of soil aggregates and their evolution trends.
    Result The results showed that > 5 mm, 2 - 5 mm and < 0.25 mm aggregates were mainly groups in mechanical-stable aggregates, while 2 - 5 mm and < 0.25 mm aggregates were mainly groups in the water-stable aggregates. With the increasing of constructed ages of terrace fields, the mean weight diameter (MWD) of mechanical-stable aggregates and water-stable aggregates, the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of mechanical-stable aggregates and water-stable aggregates and the water-stable aggregates stability rate (WSAR) increased gradually. With the increasing of construction ages of terrace fields, the fractal dimension of mechanical-stable aggregates and water-stable aggregates (D) and the percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD0.25) gradually decreased. The soil aggregate stability increased gradually with the extension of terracing ages, and the increase was faster after the 9th year. Due to the influence of activities such as cultivation and management, there was a gradual delay in the increase of soil aggregate stability with the increase of soil depth. Soil organic matter content and bulk density were significantly correlated with the stability index of soil aggregates.
    Conclusion In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, after the transformation of slopes to terraces, the stability of soil aggregates was gradually enhanced with the extension of years after the terraced fields were built. Among them, soil bulk density and organic matter were important factors affecting the stability of aggregates.

     

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