酒糟灰渣等改良剂对酸性紫色土酸度改良和养分提升的影响

Improvement Effect of Distiller's Lees Ash on Nutrients and Acidity of Acidic Purplish Soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 紫色土酸化严重,酒糟灰渣作为新型土壤改良剂效果仍不明确。本研究目的为探寻酒糟灰渣等改良剂对酸性紫色土酸度改良和养分提升效果,为酸性紫色土治理提供科学依据。
    方法 采用大田试验研究,设置施用不同土壤改良剂的处理(CK:不施改良剂;F:常规施肥;SF:石灰 + 化肥;OM:有机肥 + 化肥;BF:生物炭 + 化肥;JZ:酒糟灰渣 + 化肥),研究不同改良剂对酸性紫色土pH、交换性酸、全量养分、速效养分、CEC、交换性盐基离子等的影响。
    结果 ①与CK处理相比,施用改良剂均显著提高了土壤pH(P < 0.05),以JZ处理效果最好,提升了3.3个单位。SF和JZ处理土壤交换性酸含量显著低于其他处理(P < 0.05),较CK处理降幅分别为99.41%和99.31%。②几种改良剂均显著提高了土壤有机质含量(P < 0.05),增幅为35.26% ~ 97.66%,其中OM处理增幅最大达9.61 g kg−1。③JZ处理土壤全氮含量相较于CK处理提高了49.32%,土壤有效磷含量提高了49.05%,土壤全钾含量和有效钾含量相较于F处理分别提高了13.41%和15.56%。④土壤阳离子交换量最高的处理是JZ处理,为12.89 cmol kg−1,较CK处理提高31.93%。各处理交换性盐基离子的数量排序均为Ca2 + > K + > Mg2 + > Na + 。不同处理对土壤交换性阳离子的作用效果不同,施用酒糟灰渣土壤交换性Na + 、K + 和Ca2 + 含量均显著高于其他处理(P < 0.05),较CK处理分别提升223.86%,417.58%和67.09%。
    结论 在酸性紫色土上,石灰、有机肥、生物炭和酒糟灰渣均可以显著提高土壤pH、增强土壤缓冲能力和提高土壤养分含量,与石灰、有机肥和生物炭相比,施用酒糟灰渣对酸性紫色土的改良效果最好。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aim was to investigate the impact of various soil amendments on pH modification and nutrient enhancement in acid purplish soils. The result will contribute to the scientific understanding of acid purplish soil management.
    Method A field experiment was conducted. Different soil amendments were applied, and the treatments included CK: no amendment; F: conventional fertilizer; SF: lime + fertilizer; OM: organic fertilizer + fertilizer; BF: biochar + fertilizer; JZ: distillery residue ash + fertilizer. The pH, exchangeable acid, nutrients, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations were determined in the amendment soils.
    Result ① Compared with CK treatment, all the soil amendments significantly increased soil pH (P < 0.05). JZ treatment has the best effect, leading to an increase of 3.3 units. Additionally, the SF and JZ treatments showed significantly lower soil exchangeable acid content than other treatments (P < 0.05), with decreases of 99.41% and 99.31%, compared to the CK treatment. ② Several amendments significantly increased the SOM contents (P < 0.05), with increases ranging from 35.26% to 97.66%. The OM treatment showed the largest increase of 9.61 g kg−1. ③ In the JZ treatment, TN (total nitrogen) content increased by 49.32% compared to the CK treatment, AP (available phosphorus) content increased by 49.05%, and both total potassium (TK) and AK (available potassium) contents increased by 13.41% and 15.56% compared to the F treatment. ④ The JZ treatment exhibited the highest CEC at 12.89 cmol kg−1, marking a 31.93% increase compared to the CK treatment. The exchangeable cations in all treatments followed the order Ca2 + >K + >Mg2 + >Na + . The effects of different treatments on exchangeable cations varied. Soil exchangeable Na + , K + , and Ca2 + contents in distillery residue ash treatment were significantly higher than other treatments (P < 0.05), increasing by 223.86%, 417.58% and 67.09%, respectively.
    Conclusion According to the experimental results, distillery residue ash can effectively increase soil pH, improve acidification of acid purplish soils, enhance soil buffer capacity and nutrient availability. The application of distillery residue ash is a promising amendment for acid purplish soil improvement.

     

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