辽西春玉米苗期地上部和根系生长对土壤温度与土壤湿度的响应

Response of the Shoot and Root Growth to Soil Temperature and Moisture of Spring Maize Seedlings in Western Liaoning Province

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究春玉米苗期地上部和根系生长发育对土壤温度与湿度的响应，可为制定应对气候变化的农业管理措施提供科学依据。
    方法 利用土壤温度和湿度自动观测数据，结合春玉米根系（根长、根数）和地上部（株高、茎粗、叶面积）生长指标与生物量以及气象观测资料，采用相关分析和偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）方法，分析土壤温度与湿度对春玉米苗期地上部和地下根系的影响。
    结果 春玉米苗期15 cm、45 cm、75 cm、105 cm、135 cm土壤相对湿度变异系数分别为0.023、0.033、0.024、0.009、0.010，且土壤湿度的变化相对于空气湿度和降水存在滞后性，随着土壤深度增加滞后性增大；土壤温度随土壤深度增加逐渐降低，各深度变异系数分别为0.115、0.113、0.114、0.110和0.105，土壤温度的变化随土壤深度增加滞后性逐渐增大。15 cm土壤温度和湿度与地上生长指标、根系生长指标、生物量的相关性在三叶期大于45 cm深度，在七叶期小于45 cm深度。PLS-PM分析表明，春玉米苗期地上部与根系生长的主要影响因子为15 cm和45 cm土壤温度，三叶期和七叶期主要影响因子分别为15 cm土壤相对湿度、45 cm土壤相对湿度，苗期生物量积累的主要影响因子为15 cm土壤温度和湿度。
    结论 适宜的土壤温度与湿度可以构成春玉米地上部和地下根系最佳整体结构与功能，从而促进植株生长，提高生物量积累和产量，在实际生产中可以通过调控土壤湿度达到调节土壤温度的目的。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Exploring the responses of maize shoot and root growth to soil temperature and moisture will provide a scientific basis for formulating agricultural management measures to deal with climate change.
    Method Using the automated soil temperature and moisture observation data, combined with spring maize growth indicators of roots (root length, root number) and shoots (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area), biomass and meteorological data, correlation analysis and Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM) methods were employed to analyze the impacts of soil temperature and moisture on the growths of shoots and roots of spring maize during the seedling stage.
    Result The soil moistures at 15 cm, 45 cm, 75 cm, 105 cm, and 135 cm depths during the seeding stage had variation coefficients of 0.023, 0.033, 0.024, 0.009, and 0.010, and their changes had temporal hysteresis relative to air humidity and precipitation, and the hysteresis increased with increasing soil depth. In addition, the soil temperature decreased with the increase of soil depth, and its variation coefficient at each above-mentioned layer was 0.115, 0.113, 0.114, 0.110, and 0.105, respectively. The hysteresis of variation of soil temperature relative to air temperature gradually increased with the increase of soil depth. Correlation analysis showed that the correlations between the growth indices and biomass and soil temperature and moisture at the 15 cm depth were greater (smaller) than those at the 45 cm depth during the three-leaf (seven-leaf) stage. Besides, PLS-PM analysis showed that the growths of shoots and roots were the main influencing factors by soil temperatures at 15 cm and 45 cm depths during the seedling stage, by the soil moisture at 15 cm depth during the three-leaf stage, and by soil moisture at 45 cm depth during the seven-leaf stage. Soil temperature and moisture at 15 cm depth had the greatest impact on biomass accumulation.
    Conclusion Appropriate soil temperature and moisture configurations can constitute the optimal overall structure and function of the shoots and roots of spring maize, promote the growth of plant, and increase biomass accumulation and yield. In practice, soil moisture can be regulated to achieve the purpose of regulating soil temperature.

     

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