Abstract: Coal is a main energy and an important industrial raw material in China, which has made a very important contribution to economic development and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. However, the development and utilization of coal resources will seriously affect the ecological environment in the mining areas, resulting in a series of ecological environmental problems. To review and summarize the researches on soil and water conservation in coal mining areas at home and abroad is of great significance to the construction of ecological civilization and the realization of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality (“Double Carbon Targets”) in China. In this paper, the composition and harmfulness of soil and rock erosion environment in coal mining areas was introduced, the characteristics of soil erosion environment and the differences between them and natural erosion environment was analyzed, the soil erosion characteristics for open-pit mining and underground mining was summarized, the control practices’ effects were summarized from the soil improvement measures, vegetation measures and engineering measures. These works could provide strong support for land reclamation and ecological restoration in coal mining areas. The contents of future research include: to strengthen the study of erosion processes and mechanisms in coal mining areas, to research on erosion characteristics of the dump under the action of composite forces, and to enrich the connotation and effects of soil erosion control practices’ effects.