水稻产量和氮素利用对秸秆添加和土层厚度的响应

Responses of Rice Yield and Nitrogen Utilization to Straw Addition and Soil Layer Thickness

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究秸秆添加和土层厚度对水稻产量及氮素积累和利用的影响，推进水稻绿色高质量发展。
    方法 基于辽宁省稻田耕层厚度和秆秸还田数量现状，本研究采用二因素完全随机区组设计，设置4个处理：浅土层（15 cm）不添加秸秆（S − S），深土层（20 cm）不添加秸秆（D − S），浅土层（15 cm）添加秸秆（S + S），深土层（20 cm）添加秸秆（D + S），进行盆栽试验， 5次重复；通过分析测定水稻成熟期产量形成、干物质和氮素积累分配及氮素利用特点，监测土壤氧化还原电位、水稻生长发育状况和关键生育期光合能力变化，探讨水稻产量和氮素利用对秆秸添加、土层厚度的响应机制。
    结果 秸秆添加显著提高水稻籽粒产量，土层厚度对水稻产量影响不显著，但深土层显著提高了水稻的收获指数，以D + S处理增幅最高；S + S、D + S处理均能够显著提高水稻穗部氮素分配比例，提高氮素收获指数和氮肥偏生产力。此外，D − S、S + S、D + S处理显著提高了水稻最大分蘖期、抽穗期的光合速率，改善了水稻的氮素营养状况。
    结论 与浅土层（15 cm）相比，深土层（20 cm）添加秸秆可以增加水稻产量，促进水稻植株干物质量积累和氮素向穗部转移积累，增强水稻光合能力、提高氮素利用率。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of straw addition and soil layer thickness on rice yield and the accumulation of nitrogen, in order to promote green and high-quality development of rice production.
    Method Based on the current differences in soil layer thickness of paddy fields in Liaoning Province, a pot experiment and a two-factor completely randomized block design were utilized. A total of four treatments were set up, such as a shallow layer soil (15 cm) without straw addition (S − S), a deep layer soil (20 cm) without straw addition (D − S), a shallow layer soil (15 cm) with straw addition (S + S), and a deep layer soil (20 cm) with straw addition (D + S). Each treatment was replicated five times. By analyzing rice yield formation, accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency at maturity, and by monitoring soil redox potential, rice growth status, and photosynthetic capacity of critical growth stages, the response mechanisms of rice yield and nitrogen utilization were elucidated to these factors.
    Result The results showed that straw addition significantly increased rice yield, and there was no significant difference of the rice yield in the treatments with shallow and deep soil layers. Moreover, straw addition in the deep soil layer significantly increased the harvest index, especially in D + S treatment. Nitrogen accumulation proportion of panicle was significantly improved with straw addition, and the nitrogen harvest index and N partial factor productivity in S + S and D + S treatments were also increased. Moreover, at the maximum tillering and the flowering stage, the photosynthesis rates in the treatments of D − S, S + S and D + S were significantly enhanced, and the nitrogen nutrition status was improved as well.
    Conclusion Therefore, straw addition in the deep soil layer treatment could increase the rice yield, promot the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in panicle, enhance the photosynthetic capacity and improve the nitrogen use efficiency.

     

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