Objective The aims were to map the development of non-grain cultivated land dynamics in China, to identify the Spatial-temporal changes and influencing factors of non-grain cultivated land in China, and to provide suggestions for the protection of arable land and food security ensuring in China.

Methods The study was based on the data of the non-grain rate of cultivated land from 1999 ~ 2019 and investigated the spatial and temporal changes of cultivated land non-grainification and influencing factors in China through spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression models.

Results ① From 1999 to 2019, the non-grain rate of cultivated land and the area of non-grain cultivated land showed a trend of rising, declining, then fluctuating steadily, reaching the peak in 2003 and changing steadily after 2010. China's non-grain cultivated land showed an increasing spatial feature of "north to south" and "west to east." ② The spatial concentration of non-grain cultivated land in China has strong spatial heterogeneity, with low-low concentration and high-high concentration areas dominating, showing a spatial pattern of low in the northeast and high in the southwest. ③The proportion of non-grain cultivated land is spatially heterogeneous and influenced by a number of factors, including effective irrigated area, the proportion of primary industry, per capita power of agricultural machinery, land productivity, and the number of rural laborers per unit area.

Conclusion We should strengthen the supervision of non-grain cultivated land, implement classification and zoning control of arable land, and implement the strategy of "store grain by improving technology" through technological innovation, so as to effectively control the non-grain cultivated land and improve the sustainable use of arable land resources.