生物有机肥替代部分化肥的水肥管理模式对酿酒葡萄产量与品质的提升效果

Effects of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Partially Replacing Chemical Fertilizer in Water-Fertilizer Management on Improving Wine Grape Yield and Quality

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 旨在评估生物有机肥部分替代部分化肥的水肥一体化技术提升酿酒葡萄果实产量、品质及经济效益的效果。
    方法 在甘肃省武威市民勤县甘肃自在酒庄进行三年9a赤霞珠葡萄小区栽培水肥试验，试验设大水漫灌化肥撒施(FI)、传统水肥一体化(CK)和生物有机肥替代部分化肥水肥一体化(OI)三种处理，通过比较不同处理葡萄产量、品质和经济效益，对生物有机肥替代部分化肥水肥一体化技术及其它两种水肥管理模式(技术)的优点、缺点和适用条件进行评价。
    结果 与FI和CK处理比较，OI处理的灌溉用水量、施肥量减少，酿酒葡萄产量显著提高、增产幅度分别达4.95%和6.16%，水肥利用效率明显升高，经济效益达到了30958.54元 hm−2，产投比提升至2.31；另外，OI处理葡萄果实可溶性固形物、还原性糖、糖酸比、总酚和花色苷含量等关键品质指标显著高于FI和CK处理。
    结论 生物有机肥部分替代化肥和水肥一体化技术相结合，与大水漫灌化肥撒施、传统水肥一体化技术相比，在节约水肥资源的同时，还能有效提升酿酒葡萄的产量、品质及经济效益，具有良好的应用前景。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study aims to evaluate the effects of integrating bio-organic fertilizer as a partial substitute for chemical fertilizers with fertigation technique on improving the yield, quality, and economic benefits of wine grapes.
    Method A three-year field trial was conducted with 9-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines at Gansu Ease Estate Winery in Minqin County, Wuwei City, Gansu Province. The trial included three treatments: flood irrigation with surface-applied chemical fertilizers (FI), traditional fertigation (CK), and fertigation with partial substitution of chemical fertilizers by bio-organic fertilizers (OI). By comparing grape yield, quality, and economic benefits among the treatments, the study assessed the advantages, disadvantages, and suitable conditions for bio-organic fertilizer substitution and other water-fertilizer management strategies.
    Result Compared with FI and CK treatments, the OI treatment significantly reduced irrigation water and fertilizer usage while notably increasing wine grape yield by 4.95% and 6.16%. Water and fertilizer use efficiency was significantly improved, with economic benefits reaching 30,958.54 CNY per hectare and the output-to-input ratio increasing to 2.31. Additionally, key quality indicators, such as soluble solids, reducing sugars, sugar-acid ratio, total phenols and anthocyanin contents in grape berries under the OI treatment were significantly higher than those under the FI and CK treatments.
    Conclusion The combination of bio-organic fertilizer partial substitution and fertigation technique, compared with flood irrigation with surface-applied chemical fertilizers and traditional fertigation, not only conserves water and fertilizer resources, but also effectively improves the yield, quality and economic benefits of wine grapes. This approach holds great potential for application and promotion.

     

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