Abstract: With the increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration and global warming, soil greenhouse gas emission reduction has become one of the important ways to mitigate climate change. Interplanting under forest is an important way of resource utilization, which can affect soil physical and chemical properties and greenhouse gas emission in many ways. In-depth discussion on the specific impact of interplanting under the forest on soil greenhouse gas emissions and its mechanism is very important to clarify the role of interplanting in mitigating global change. Interplanting under the forest can improve soil physical structure and increase soil carbon and nitrogen contents through plant root activity and residue input, and increase CO₂ and N₂O emissions by changing soil microbial diversity and community structure, increasing microbial and enzyme activities. In addition, interplanting plant canopy and its litter layer can reduce direct light exposure, improve soil water-holding capacity, and thus inhibiting microbial activities related to CO₂ and N₂O production. Future researches should comprehensively consider the types of interplanting system and the diversity of interplanting plants, so as to improve the comprehensive benefits of interplanting ecosystem and provide a scientific basis for the reasonable formulation of forest management strategies and greenhouse gas emission reduction measures, in order to help to deal with global climate change.