林龄对森林生态系统碳积累与稳定性影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Stand Age on Carbon Accumulation and Stability in Forest Ecosystems

  • 摘要: 森林生态系统林龄通过物种组成、土壤养分循环过程等影响植被和土壤固碳。本文汇总了天然林、人工林发育阶段植被和土壤碳积累特征,研究发现天然林植被和土壤固碳量随着林龄增加呈现先增加后稳定的趋势,人工林植被和土壤固碳量随着林龄增加呈现增加的趋势,人工林各龄级植被、土壤固碳量均小于天然林,在成熟林尤为明显。天然林和人工林植被固碳量随林龄变化影响要素不同:林龄和冠层面积是影响天然林植被固碳的关键因素;而林龄和林分经营措施是影响人工林植被固碳的主要因素。天然林土壤固碳量的主要影响因素是林龄、植被多样性、水热条件;而人工林土壤固碳量的主要影响因素有林龄、林分经营措施、立地条件。森林发育过程中土壤碳组分分配特征、凋落物输入质量、土壤微生物活性是影响土壤碳库稳定性的因素;未来研究需重点关注森林土壤不同组分碳库对全球变化的响应。

     

    Abstract: The stand age can affect plant and soil carbon storage through tree species composition and soil nutrient cycling processes in forest ecosystems. This paper summarized the characteristics of plant and soil carbon accumulation during the successional development stages of natural forests and plantations. With increasing stand age, the total carbon storage of plant and soil in natural forests reaches a steady state, whereas plant and soil continue to accumulate carbon in plantations. The carbon storages of plant and soil in all age classes of plantations are lower than those in natural forests, especially in near-mature and over-mature forests. The plant carbon storages of natural forests differ from those of plantations at different stand age. It should be noted that stand age and canopy area are the main factors affecting the plant carbon storage of natural forests. For plantations, stand age and forest management practices, including seedling recruitment and forest thinning, are the main factors affecting carbon storage. Furthermore, there are differences in soil carbon storage between natural forests and plantations with increasing stand age. In particular, stand age, species diversity and hydrothermal conditions are the main factors influencing soil carbon accumulation in natural forests, whereas stand age, forest site conditions and forest management practices are the main factors influencing soil carbon accumulation in plantations. The distribution of soil aggregate carbon, litter input, and soil microbial activities can influence soil carbon stability in forest ecosystems. In conclusion, future research should focus on how climate change influences soil carbon stability in both natural forests and plantations.

     

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