重庆市桑柘植烟区土壤肥力评价及施肥策略

Evaluation of Soil Fertility and Fertilization Strategies of Tobacco Planting Area in Sangzhe, Chongqing

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析和评价重庆市彭水县桑柘镇植烟区土壤肥力状况，为其烤烟合理施肥提供科学依据。
    方法 采用模糊数学模型隶属函数和主成分分析相结合的分析方法，探索桑柘植烟区土壤养分丰缺状况，根据综合肥力指数值（IFI）对土壤肥力适宜性进行综合评价。
    结果 桑柘植烟区34.33%的烟田土壤存在酸化现象，主要分布在尖山和太平。白龙有33.3%的烟田土壤有机质比较缺乏，但大部分烟田土壤有机质和碱解氮含量在适宜及丰富水平，全部烟田土壤全氮在适宜及丰富水平，绝大部分烟田土壤有效磷及速效钾含量相当丰富。桑柘植烟区平均IFI值为0.66，土壤综合肥力优良，其中尖山和鹿箐的IFI值是最高的（P > 0.05），分别为0.70和0.68，而李家的IFI值是最低的（P > 0.05），其值为0.62。桑柘植烟区土壤肥力等级以达IV 级以上，且 I 级占比高达83%，其中白龙和尖山的烟田土壤肥力全部为II级，烽南、大喜、青浦、鹿箐和太平烟田土壤肥力II级占比也均超过了80%。
    结论 建议桑柘植烟区施肥策略遵循“分区调控和以需定量”的原则，并采取 “稳定氮肥和有机肥，减施磷钾肥，尖山和太平加强土壤酸化治理”的措施，进而改善土壤综合肥力，提高化肥利用率。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study aimed to analyze and evaluate tobacco-planting soil fertility status and provide scientific basis for rational fertilization in tobacco planting area of Sangzhe Town, Pengshui County, Chongqing.
    Method Using a combination of fuzzy mathematical model membership function and principal component analysis, this study explored nutrient abundance and deficiency status of soil in tobacco planting area of Sangzhe, calculated the integrated fertility index (IFI) value, and comprehensively evaluated the suitability of soil fertility.
    Result The results showed that 34.33% of tobacco-planting soils in Sangzhe exhibited acidification, mainly distributed in Jianshan and Taiping. Moreover, 33.3% of tobacco-planting soils in Bailong had relatively low organic matter content, but most of tobacco-planting soils in Sangzhe had suitable and abundant levels of organic matter and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen contents. It was at a suitable and abundant level for total nitrogen contents of tobacco-planting soils in Sangzhe. It was at an abundant level for available phosphorus and available potassium contents of the vast majority of tobacco-planting soils in Sangzhe. The average IFI value of tobacco-planting soils was 0.66 in Sangzhe. It indicated excellent soil comprehensive fertility. Among them, the IFI values in Jianshan and Daqing were the highest (P > 0.05), with values of 0.70 and 0.68. While the IFI value in the Lijia was the lowest (P < 0.05), with a value of 0.62. Soil fertility level of tobacco-planting soils in Sangzhe was above level IV, and the proportion of level I was as high as 83%. Among them, soil fertility of tobacco fields in Bailong and Jianshan was all level II. The proportion of level II for soil fertility exceeds 80% in Fengnan, Daxi, Qingpu, Luqing and Taiping.
    Conclusion It was suggested that fertilization strategy in the tobacco-growing areas of Sangzhe should follow the principle of "partition regulation and demand quantification", and adopt measures such as "stabilizing nitrogen and organic fertilizers, reducing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers", and strengthening soil acidification control in Jianshan and Taiping. Furthermore, it could improve soil comprehensive fertility and increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers.,

     

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