有机物料对红壤酸化阻控及有机质提升效果研究

Effectiveness of Organic Materials on Acidification Control and Organic Matter Enhancement of Red Soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 本研究主要探究了不同类型有机物料在阻控红壤酸化与提升土壤有机质方面的综合效果。
    方法 本研究选取第四纪红土母质发育的红壤,开展模拟培养实验,分析了玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆、油菜秸秆、猪粪和生物炭添加后土壤pH、交换性氢、交换性铝、交换性盐基离子、颗粒态有机碳和矿物结合态有机碳等指标的变化,并采用主成分分析法对土壤酸化特征和碳组分的综合效果进行了系统评价。
    结果 五种有机物料均显著提高了土壤pH值,降低了交换性氢、交换性铝和络合态铝含量,其中猪粪处理效果最为显著,使土壤pH提高了0.9个单位,使交换性氢、交换性铝和络合态铝含量分别降低了64.0%、92.1%和30.5%。五种有机物料均显著提升了土壤颗粒态有机碳和矿物结合态有机碳含量,其中生物炭使土壤总有机碳含量提升幅了95.8%。综合评价结果表明,五种有机物料的“降酸增碳”效果从高到底依次为猪粪 > 油菜秸秆 > 水稻秸秆 > 生物炭 > 玉米秸秆。
    结论 建议在酸化红壤的改良中优先使用猪粪和油菜秸秆。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective In order to study the comprehensive effectiveness of different types of organic materials on controlling the acidification of Red soil and enhancing the organic matter.
    Method This study selected the acidified Red soil developed in Quaternary laterite as the research subject, and investigated the changes in soil pH, exchangeable hydrogen, exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable base cations, particulate organic carbon and mineral-bound organic carbon after the returning of three types of crop residues, including corn, rice and rape, as well as the application of two types of organic matter (pig manure and biochar) through simulated cultivation experiments, and systematically evaluated the comprehensive effectiveness of soil acidification characteristics and carbon components by using the principal component analysis method.
    Result The results showed that all the organic materials significantly increased soil pH and decreased soil exchangeable hydrogen, exchangeable aluminum and complexed aluminum. Among these, pig manure had the most significant effect, increasing soil pH by 0.9 units and decreasing exchangeable hydrogen, exchangeable aluminum and complexed aluminum by 64.0%, 92.1% and 30.5%, respectively. Besides, all organic materials significantly increased the contents of particulate organic carbon and mineral-bound organic carbon. Especially, biochar increased total soil organic carbon by 95.8%. The comparative analysis of the combined effectiveness of five kinds of organic materials on reducing soil acidity and increasing soil carbon showed that pig manure > rape straw > rice straw > biochar > corn straw. This indicates that pig manure exhibited the most effective combined impact on soil acidification control and organic matter enhancement, while among the three types of crop residues, rape straw was the best, while biochar and maize stover were less effective.
    Conclusion Based on the previous results, this study recommends that pig manure and rape straw should be preferentially selected for the amelioration of acidified Red soil.

     

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