生物炭对大豆不同生育期根际土壤磷组分、磷酸酶活性及植株磷吸收的影响

Effects of Biochar on Rhizosphere Phosphorus Fraction, Phosphatase Activity and Phosphorus Uptake of Soybean at Different Growth Stages

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 通过盆栽试验，探究生物炭配施低量磷肥对赤红壤大豆不同生育期的根际磷组分周转以及大豆植株磷吸收转运的影响。
    方法 盆栽试验设置CK（对照组）、P（添加13 mg kg−1 P）、BC（添加4%水稻秸秆生物炭）以及BP（添加4%水稻秸秆生物炭和13 mg kg−1 P）四个处理，结合连续浸提磷分级、土壤酶学和实时荧光定量PCR等方法，研究了生物炭配施低量磷肥对大豆苗期、结荚期和成熟期土壤磷组分、磷酸酶活性与微生物量磷、植株磷吸收与根尖磷转运基因表达的影响。
    结果 与CK和P处理对比，BC和BP处理显著增加了大豆在苗期、结荚期和成熟期的土壤pH、盐基饱和度、有效磷、无机磷、有机磷和残留态磷含量，提升无机磷比例，降低有机磷和残留态磷比例，同时显著促进了大豆的磷吸收，降低了大豆磷转运蛋白基因的表达。BC和BP处理对大豆根际碱性磷酸酶活性和微生物量磷含量的促进作用在大豆结荚期达到最高峰，添加生物炭（BC与BP处理）在苗期、结荚期和成熟期的碱性磷酸酶活性分别较未添加生物炭处理（CK与P处理）增加了43%、67%和48%; 与CK相比，BC处理在苗期、结荚期和成熟期的微生物量磷含量分别提高了50%、83%和43%，BP处理在苗期、结荚期和成熟期的微生物量磷含量分别提高了69%、76%和77%。
    结论 单施生物炭或与低量磷肥配施显著增加了赤红壤的磷有效性与大豆磷吸收，这与碱性磷酸酶活性和微生物生物量磷的增加有关，且其对土壤酶促有机磷矿化的促进作用在大豆结荚期最显著。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study investigated the effect of biochar application on rhizosphere phosphorus (P) dynamics, P uptake, and transport of soybean at different growth stages in lateritic red soil.
    Method A pot experiment was conducted with four treatments including CK (control), P (addition of 13 mg kg−1 P), BC (addition of 4% rice straw biochar), and BP (addition of 13 mg kg−1 P and 4% rice stalk biochar). Using methods such as sequential P fractionation, soil enzymology and real-time quantitative PCR to explore the effects of biochar combined with low P fertilizer on P fraction, phosphatase activity and microbial biomass P, plant P uptake and P transport gene expression at soybean seeding stage, podding stage and harvesting stage.
    Result Compared with CK and P treatments, BC and BP treatments significantly increased soil pH, salt base saturation, Bray-P, inorganic P, organic P and residual P at the seeding stage, podding stage and harvesting stage. They also increased inorganic P proportion while reducing organic P and residual P proportion and the expression of soybean P transporter genes, resulting in promoted soybean P uptake. The alkaline phosphatase activity and microbial biomass P content of BC and BP treatments reached the highest peak at the podding stage. Compared with the non-biochar addition treatments (CK and P), biochar addition (BC and BP) increased alkaline phosphatase activities by 43%, 67% and 48% at the seeding, podding and harvesting stages, respectively. Compared with CK, the microbial biomass P content in the BC treatment increased by 50%, 83% and 43% at the seeding, podding and harvesting stages, respectively. Similarly, the BP treatment showed increases of 69%, 76% and 77% in microbial biomass P content at the seedling, podding and harvesting stages compared to CK.
    Conclusion Biochar application, either alone or combined with low P fertilizer, significantly increased soil P availability and soybean P uptake in latosolic red soil. This effect was associated with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and microbial biomass P, with the greatest enhancement observed during the soybean podding stage, indicating a notable promotion of enzymatic organic P mineralization at the soybean podding stage.

     

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