Evaluation of Soil Fertility under Eucalyptus Plantation Using Digital Soil Mapping
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摘要: 精细的土壤肥力空间信息有助于森林质量精准管理。本研究以广西高峰桉树林场为研究区,利用数字土壤制图技术对研究区主要肥力因子空间分布进行数字制图,在此基础上,应用灰色关联度模型对桉树人工林土壤肥力进行了综合评价。结果表明:研究林场的土壤肥力质量较好,土壤肥力水平2级和3级林地面积占总面积的68.6%,1级和4级林地面积占26%,5级林地面积占5.4%;土壤肥力综合指数(IFI)具有较强的空间自相关性。本文提出的土壤肥力评价方法可用于森林土壤肥力质量空间分布的精准评价,为森林质量精准经营提供基础支撑。Abstract: The high-resolution spatial distribution information of soil fertility contributes to the accurate improvement of forest quality. Based on the digital soil mapping technology, the main soil fertility factors were mapped digitally in the Gaofeng Eucalyptus Forest Farm of Guangxi. The grey correlation model was applied to comprehensively evaluate the spatial distribution of soil fertility under eucalyptus plantation based on GIS and digital soil mapping technology. About 68.6% of the total area was at 2-3 grades of soil fertility, 26% at 1 and 4 grades, and only 5.4% at 5 grades. The spatial auto-correlation of soil fertility index was strong. The soil fertility evaluation method proposed in this paper can realize the accurate evaluation of spatial distribution of forest soil fertility quality, and can provide a basic data support for the accurate management of forest quality.
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Key words:
- Soil fertility /
- Digital soil mapping /
- Grey correlation analysis /
- Eucalyptus /
- GIS
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表 1 评价因子相对重要性判断矩阵
Table 1. Relative significance judgement matrix of evaluation factors
指标
Index有机质
Organic
matter
(g kg−1)粘粒
Clay
(%)阳离子交换量
CEC
(mol kg−1)碱解氮
Alkaline
nitrogen
(mg kg−1)速效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg−1)速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg−1)全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg−1)全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg−1)全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg−1)有机质 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 粘粒 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 CEC 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 碱解氮 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 速效磷 0.33 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 速效钾 0.33 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 全氮 0.33 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 全磷 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 全钾 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 表 2 地形因子聚类类别
Table 2. Classes of terrain factors
地形因子
Terrain factor类别1
Class 1类别2
Class 2类别3
Class 3类别4
Class 4类别5
Class 5类别6
Class 6类别7
Class 7类别8
Class 8类别9
Class 9类别10
Class 10高程 255.78 210.92 219.88 253.73 172.64 237.22 159.48 175.86 245.51 177.02 坡度 25.55 28.36 28.14 26.37 30.29 27.52 6.99 30.48 12.32 10.54 坡向 299.38 295.06 94.67 78.94 255.37 226.02 146.74 115.13 134.40 271.82 平面曲率 0.27 0.13 0.08 0.13 0.19 0.03 −0.31 0.19 0.55 −0.58 剖面曲率 −0.65 −0.12 −0.11 −0.40 0.02 −0.24 1.56 0.02 −0.61 2.19 地形湿度指数 2.15 2.21 2.22 2.19 2.18 2.20 5.42 2.15 2.86 4.79 表 3 各肥力因子预测结果精度验证
Table 3. Predicted accuracy of soil fertility factors
精度指标
Accuracy
index有机质
Organic
matter
(g kg−1)粘粒
Clay(%)阳离子交换量
CEC
(mol kg−1)碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzale
nitrogen
(mg kg−1)速效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg−1)速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg−1)全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg−1)全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg−1)全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg−1)MAE 4.76 5.09 2.60 33.83 1.11 16.55 0.37 0.07 4.11 RMSE 6.13 6.49 3.32 41.95 1.45 21.63 0.45 0.10 4.98 N 78 79 80 78 78 77 80 79 78 表 4 各肥力因子预测结果基本统计特征
Table 4. Statistic analysis for predicted soil fertility factors
统计指标
Statistic
index有机质
Organic
matter
(g kg−1)粘粒Clay
(%)阳离子交换量
CEC
(mol kg−1)碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzale
nitrogen
(mg kg−1)速效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg−1)速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg−1)全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg−1)全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg−1)全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg−1)最小值 27.15 25.85 1.24 130.07 1.37 27.40 1.24 0.24 8.84 最大值 56.58 51.99 2.07 274.94 6.11 78.40 2.07 0.45 28.60 平均值 40.77 37.92 1.74 190.15 2.89 46.60 1.74 0.32 18.71 标准差 3.72 4.96 0.23 29.99 1.01 10.63 0.23 0.04 3.81 变异系数 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.35 0.23 0.13 0.13 0.20 表 5 土壤肥力评价指标权重值
Table 5. Weight value of soil fertility evaluation indices
指标
Index有机质
Organic matter
(g kg−1)粘粒
Clay
(%)阳离子交换量
CEC
(mol kg−1)碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzale
nitrogen
(mg kg−1)速效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg−1)速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg−1)全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg−1)全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg−1)全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg−1)权重 0.24 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 表 6 土壤肥力等级划分及统计结果
Table 6. Predicted accuracy of soil fertility factors
肥力分级
Fertility grade指标值
Fertility index面积
Area(km2)比例
Percentage(%)1级 [0.75 − 0.83] 0.40 12.88 2级 [0.70 − 0.75] 0.75 24.19 3级 [0.65 − 0.70] 1.37 44.39 4级 [0.60 − 0.65] 0.41 13.14 5级 [0.57 − 0.60] 0.17 5.40 表 7 各肥力等级的土壤肥力指标均值
Table 7. Mean value of soil fertility factors at each fertility grade
肥力分级
Fertility
grade有机质
Organic
matter
(g kg−1)粘粒
Clay
(%)阳离子交换量
CEC
(mol kg−1)碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzale
nitrogen
(mg kg−1)速效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg−1)速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg−1)全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg−1)全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg−1)全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg−1)1级 50.48 36.30 19.12 209.50 3.48 59.46 2.02 0.32 20.04 2级 45.60 36.44 16.82 218.86 3.24 58.39 1.87 0.33 18.01 3级 38.36 39.46 16.76 183.45 2.90 40.11 1.73 0.33 17.89 4级 35.90 35.81 15.12 162.55 2.19 38.19 1.45 0.29 20.77 5级 31.18 40.76 14.70 137.59 1.51 29.70 1.29 0.27 20.41 表 8 土壤肥力综合指数半方差函数分析
Table 8. Semivariance and their parameters of integrated fertility index
模型
Model块金值
C0基台值
C0 + C块金值/基台值
C0/C0 + C(%)变程
Range(m)R2 高斯 0.0005 0.0027 18.52 107.38 0.96 表 9 各肥力等级的地形因子均值
Table 9. Mean value of terrain factors at each fertility grade
肥力等级
Fertility grade坡向
Aspect(°)高程
Elevation(m)平面曲率
Plan curvature剖面曲率
Profile curvature坡度
Slope(°)地形湿度指数
TWI1 86.93 230.53 0.11 −0.20 28.48 2.15 2 155.72 214.36 0.03 0.14 25.39 2.66 3 213.53 198.65 −0.05 0.35 25.57 2.62 4 240.50 245.51 0.40 −0.49 17.50 2.72 5 300.34 260.80 0.28 −0.59 25.43 2.11 表 10 肥力综合指数与地形因子相关分析
Table 10. Correlation analysis of terrain factors and integrated fertility index
地形因子
Terrain factor坡向
Aspect(°)高程
Elevation(m)平面曲率
Plan curvature剖面曲率
Profile curvature坡度
Slope(°)地形湿度指数
TWI肥力综合指数 −0.56 −0.18 −0.034 0.036 0.26 −0.082 -
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