Abstract: In the typical sloping tobacco field of Yunnan Province, flue-cured tobacco K326 and corn straw were selected as test materials, and six treatments were set: conventional mode without straw covering and film-uncovering (CK); straw mulching and film-uncovering (T1); straw mulching and film breaking (T2); straw mulching and film-covering (T3); no straw mulching and film breaking (T4); no straw mulching and film-covering (T5). The effects of different treatments on soil nutrients, bacterial community structure and tobacco leaf quality were investigated in order to provide a scientific guidance for straw mulching and film-uncovering of sloping farmland in a flue-cured tobacco planting region of Yunnan Province. The results showed that, compared with CK treatment, 1) straw mulching was beneficial to improve the level of nutrient content of sloping farmland red soil, but was undesirable to richness and diversity of bacterial community, T5 treatment was beneficial to improve richness and diversity of soil bacterial community, especially for Proteobacteria (29.26%) and Acatinobacteria (36.23%) had a greater influence on the relatively abundance, T2 treatment significantly increased the number of endemic bacteria and Proteobacteria (29.10%). Firmicutes (6.75%), Planctomycetes (1.01%) relatively abundance; 2) Straw mulching was beneficial to improve the chemical composition coordination and sensory quality of upper tobacco leaves, the comprehensive index of chemical composition of B2F grade tobacco leaves was increased by 6.1% and 1.9%, and the comprehensive index of sensory quality was increased by 6.0% and 4.5%, respectively, in the processing,by T1 treatment to improve the effect of upper tobacco leaf chemical components and sensory quality of coordination, T2 treatment took second place, and T5 was the worst treatment, As a whole, straw mulching and film breaking mode is more suitable for tobacco cultivation of sloping farmland.