Ecological of Stoichiometric Characteristics of Populus davidiana forests with Different Growth and Decline Degrees in Southern Daxing'anling
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摘要: 分析大兴安岭南段(半干旱区)赛罕乌拉地区天然山杨次生林的乔木-凋落物-土壤的C、N、P化学计量特,探讨当地出现山杨林的生长衰退现象与养分限制的相关性,以期为天然森林资源恢复重建提供理论依据。按照不同生长衰退程度山杨将其划分为健康生长和轻度、重度衰退生长的山杨林,测定乔木-凋落物-土壤的C、N、P含量,并分析山杨不同组分化学计量特征差异及生长衰退对化学计量特征的影响。结果表明:(1)研究区内土壤有机C、全N平均值含量均高于我国森林土壤平均水平,土壤全P平均值含量低于我国森林土壤平均水平;山杨重度生长衰退山杨根区土壤全N、全P含量显著低于正常生长山杨根区土壤。(2)山杨根C含量高于山杨其他器官,重度生长衰退山杨叶片C/N、C/P高于正常生长山杨,这可能与山杨生长受到N、P元素限制有关。(3)正常生长山杨的P重吸收率显高于重度生长衰退山杨,说明山杨通过对叶片P重吸收以适应其根区土壤P缺乏胁迫,提高山杨的抗旱能力。(4)山杨凋落叶C、N、P含量处于全球及我国多数陆地植物凋落叶C、N、P含量平均水平;山杨凋落叶的C/N比值明显高于养分N释放临界点,重度生长衰退山杨凋落叶的C/P明显高于P养分释放临界点,说明凋落叶N、P元素不易分解释放;这使得重度生长衰退山杨林地的凋落叶中N、P元素大量滞留而土壤中某些养分元素被消耗但得不到及时补充。研究区重度生长衰退山杨生长受到养分限制,与林中凋落叶分解缓慢、土壤中N、P元素主要以有机物形式存在有关。Abstract: The C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics of tree litter soil of natural Populus davidiana secondary forest in Saihanwula area of Southern Daxinganling (semi-arid region) were analyzed, and the correlation between the growth decline of Populus davidiana forest and nutrient limitation was discussed, so as to provide theoretical basis for the restoration and reconstruction of natural forest resources. According to the different growth decline degree, Populus davidiana was divided into healthy growth, mild and severe decline growth. The contents of C, N and P in tree litter soil were measured, and the differences of stoichiometric characteristics of different components of Populus davidiana and the effects of growth decline on stoichiometric characteristics were analyzed. Result: (1) The contents of soil organic C and total N in the study area were higher than the average levels, and the content of soil total P was lower than the average level of forest soil in China. The contents of total N and total P in the rhizosphere soil of Populus davidiana with severe growth decline were significantly lower than those in the rhizosphere soil of normal growth Populus davidiana. (2) The C content of root was higher than that of the other organs of Populus davidiana; The ratios of C/N and C/P of Populus davidiana leaves with severe growth decline were higher than those of normal growth Populus davidiana, which indicated the N and P limitation in the growth process of Populus davidiana with severe growth decline. (3) The P reabsorption rate of normal growth Populus davidiana was significantly higher than that of Populus davidiana with severe growth decline. This indicated that P reabsorption by Populus davidiana leaves compensated for P deficiency in plant rhizosphere soil, which would be better for improving the plant drought resistance and the adaptability to drought environment. (4) The content of C, N and P in the litter leaves of Populus davidiana is at the average level of most terrestrial plants in the world and China.The C / N ratio of Populus davidiana litter was significantly higher than the critical point of nutrient N release, and the C / P ratio of Populus davidiana litter with severe growth decline was significantly higher than the critical point of nutrient P release, which indicated that N and P elements in the litter were not easy to decompose and release, which made n and P elements in the litter of Populus davidiana forest with severe growth decline largely retained, while some nutrient elements in the soil were consumed but not replenished in time. Therefore, the growth process of Populus davidiana was limited by nutrients, which was related to the organic forms of N and P elements in soil and the decomposition rate of litter leaves.
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表 1 山杨研究样地信息
Table 1. Information of Populus davidianaplots
序号
Sequence number平均胸径
Mean DBH
(cm)平均树高
Average tree height
(m)林分密度
Density
(株 hm−2)海拔
Altitude
(m)坡位
Slope position土壤质地类型
Soil type1 13.82 11.53 3300 1218.55 坡中 壤土 2 13.82 9.68 2700 1218.55 坡中 壤土 3 15.62 11.27 3000 1196.26 坡中 壤土 4 11.16 9.54 2900 1170.94 坡中 壤土 表 2 山杨林植物-凋落叶-土壤C、N、P含量(g kg−1)
Table 2. Contents of C,N and P in the system of Populus davidiana – leaf litter – soil
项目
Item对象
Object生长正常
Normal growth轻度生长衰退
Mild degree of growth decline重度生长衰退
Severe degree of growth decline平均值
MeanC 叶 454.55 ± 8.61 Ac 456.01 ± 9.84 Ab 460.21 ± 8.32 Ab 457.04 ± 8.94 c 树干 468.86 ± 3.41 Ab 468.73 ± 3.82 Aa 468.58 ± 3.74 Aab 468.72 ± 3.53 b 根 476.99 ± 6.59 Aa 477.80 ± 8.08 Aa 474.47 ± 5.12 Aa 476.35 ± 6.57 a 凋落叶 439.5 ± 11.27 Ad 440.1 ± 10.46 Ac 441.0 ± 12.68 Ac 440.2 ± 11.00 d 土壤 60.65 ± 7.20 Ae 58.54 ± 6.87 Ad 57.19 ± 6.70 Ad 58.74 ± 6.81 e N 叶 16.94 ± 1.33 Aa 16.93 ± 1.56 Aa 14.50 ± 1.08 Ba 16.06 ± 1.75 a 树干 1.14 ± 0.24 Ad 0.85 ± 0.32 Ad 0.80 ± 0.48 Bd 0.93 ± 0.39 d 根 3.98 ± 0.54 Ac 4.06 ± 0.66 Ac 3.50 ± 0.48 Bc 3.84 ± 0.60 c 凋落叶 10.01 ± 1.11 Ab 9.23 ± 0.84 Ab 9.74 ± 1.02 Bb 9.65 ± 1.01 b 土壤 4.35 ± 0.56 Ac 4.02 ± 0.58 Ac 4.00 ± 0.25 Bc 4.12 ± 0.49 c P 叶 1.35 ± 0.13 Aa 1.37 ± 0.09 Aa 1.14 ± 0.04 Ba 1.28 ± 0.14 a 树干 0.24 ± 0.01 Ae 0.22 ± 0.02 Ae 0.16 ± 0.03 Be 0.21 ± 0.04 d 根 0.60 ± 0.08 Ac 0.52 ± 0.04 Ac 0.29 ± 0.05 Bd 0.35 ± 0.20 c 凋落叶 0.98 ± 0.10 Ab 0.86 ± 0.08 Ab 0.85 ± 0.12 Bb 0.90 ± 0.12 b 土壤 0.44 ± 0.04 Ad 0.36 ± 0.11 Ad 0.43 ± 0.10 Bc 0.41 ± 0.08 c 注:同列不同大写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05);同列不同小写字母表示组内差异显著(P < 0.05)。 表 3 山杨林植物-凋落叶-土壤C、N、P、C化学计量比
Table 3. Stoichiometric ratio of C,N and P in the system of Populus davidiana plant – leaf litter – soil
项目
Item对象
Object生长正常
Normal growth轻度生长衰退
Mild degree of growth decline重度生长衰退
Severe degree of growth decline平均值
MeanC/N 叶 26.98 ± 2.03 Bc 27.14 ± 2.69 Bc 31.27 ± 1.95 Ab 28.46 ± 2.96 b 树干 426.61 ± 82.21 Ba 617.26 ± 208.90 Ba 803.02 ± 282.46 Aa 615.57 ± 255.77 a 根 121.74 ± 15.92 Bb 120.16 ± 17.44 Bb 137.82 ± 19.30 Ab 126.97 ± 18.91 b 凋落叶 44.31 ± 4.16 Bc 48.05 ± 4.38 Bbc 45.80 ± 5.53 Ab 46.06 ± 4.77 b 土壤 14.01 ± 0.93 Bc 14.64 ± 0.82 Bc 14.56 ± 1.24 Ab 14.40 ± 1.01 b C/P 叶 345.54 ± 29.30 Bc 334.70 ± 26.30 Bc 403.57 ± 11.81 Ab 363.42 ± 38.68 c 树干 1932.33 ± 84.25 Ba 2161.37 ± 180.47 Ba 2955.79 ± 513.35 Aa 2371.47 ± 552.31 a 根 816.30 ± 121.20 Bb 925.51 ± 80.38 Bb 1665.46 ± 263.84 Ab 1154.68 ± 426.35 b 凋落叶 453.06 ± 39.02 Bc 364.60 ± 37.03 Bbc 542.84 ± 66.11 Ab 450.06 ± 86.82 c 土壤 139.69 ± 26.22 Bc 171.37 ± 33.76 Bc 136.87 ± 24.80 Ab 148.03 ± 31.16 c N/P 叶 12.62 ± 1.56 Ba 12.39 ± 1.04 BAa 12.72 ± 1.04 Aa 12.58 ± 1.19 a 树干 4.70 ± 1.04 Bd 3.51 ± 1.17 BAd 4.25 ± 2.00 Ab 4.20 ± 1.50 c 根 6.54 ± 1.35 Bc 7.87 ± 1.43 BAc 12.30 ± 2.62 Aa 9.12 ± 3.16 b 凋落叶 10.25 ± 1.43 Bb 10.72 ± 0.81 BAb 11.75 ± 3.03 Aa 10.87 ± 1.96 ba 土壤 10.03 ± 2.05 Bb 11.60 ± 1.99 BAba 9.23 ± 1.71 Aa 10.24 ± 2.09 ba 注:同列不同大写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05);同列不同小写字母表示组内差异显著(P < 0.05)。 表 4 不同生长衰退程度山杨N、P养分重吸收率
Table 4. Reabsorption rate of N and P by Populus davidiana at different degrees of growth decline
生长衰退程度
Degree of growth decline重吸收率
Resorption efficiencyT检验
T-testN(%) P(%) T值 T value d.f. Sig. 生长正常 0.53 ± 0.11 Aa 0.41 ± 0.16 Aa −1.99 16 0.06 轻度生长衰退 0.59 ± 0.07 Aa 0.58 ± 0.08 Aa −0.35 16 0.73 重度生长衰退 0.50 ± 0.13 Aa 0.36 ± 0.12 Ab −2.22 16 0.04 平均值 0.54 ± 0.11 a 0.45 ± 0.15 b −3.15 16 0.01 注:不同大写字母表示不同生长衰退程度山杨间N或P重吸收率差异显著,不同小写字母表示同一生长衰退程度N与P重吸收率的差异显著(P < 0.05)。T值表示T检验值衰退程度山杨凋落叶N、P养分重吸收率具有显著差异(P < 0.05)。 表 5 山杨林植物-凋落叶-土壤C、N、P含量间相关分析
Table 5. Correlation analysis among contents of C,N and P in the system of Populus davidiana – leaf litter – soil
组分
Component土壤C
Soil C土壤N
Soil N土壤P
Soil P凋落叶C
Litter C凋落叶N
Litter N凋落叶P
Litter P叶C 0.22 0.23 0.41* 0.18 0.26 −0.25 叶N 0.29 0.24 0.08 0.22 −0.26 0.38* 叶P 0.15 0.16 −0.05 −0.07 −0.11 0.33 干C 0.15 0.19 0.29 0.05 0.33 0.18 干N 0.56** 0.33 0.25 0.09 0.21 −0.11 干P 0.20 0.26 −0.05 0.22 −0.22 0.52** 根C 0.35 0.21 0.50** −0.09 0.25 0.15 根N 0.48* 0.45* 0.27 0.06 0.31 0.09 根P 0.16 0.11 −0.05 0.20 −0.31 0.45* 凋落叶C −0.15 −0.06 0.14 1.00 −0.33 0.30 凋落叶N 0.42* 0.48* 0.20 − 1.00 −0.12 凋落叶P −0.06 0.02 −0.01 − − 1.00 注:*.表示显著相关(P < 0.05);**表示极显著相关(P < 0.01)。 表 6 山杨林植物-凋落物-土壤C、N、P化学计量比间相关分析
Table 6. Correlation analysis among stoichiometric ratio of C,N and P in the system of Populus davidiana – leaf litter – soil
组分
Component土壤C/N
Soil C/N土壤C/P
Soil C/P土壤N/P
Soil N/P凋落叶C/N
Litter C/N凋落叶N/P
Litter N/P叶C/N 0.22 0.23 0.41* 0.18 0.26 叶C/P 0.29 0.24 0.08 0.22 −0.26 叶N/P 0.15 0.16 −0.05 −0.07 −0.11 干C/N 0.15 0.19 0.29 0.05 0.33 干C/P 0.56** 0.33 0.25 0.09 0.21 干N/P 0.20 0.26 −0.05 0.22 −0.22 根C/N 0.35 0.21 0.50** −0.09 0.25 根C/P 0.48* 0.45* 0.27 0.06 0.31 根N/P 0.16 0.11 −0.05 0.20 −0.31 凋落叶C/N −0.15 −0.06 0.14 1.00 −0.33 凋落叶C/P 0.42* 0.48* 0.20 − 1.00 凋落叶N/P −0.06 0.02 −0.01 注:*.表示显著相关(P < 0.05);**表示极显著相关(P < 0.01)。 -
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