Contamination Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soils from Urban Green Space in Central Shanghai
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摘要: 对上海城市中心城区公园绿地土壤和道路绿地土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd和Ni的污染特征进行了研究,发现除Cr和Ni外,土壤中重金属均出现富集现象,且公园绿地土壤中重金属含量普遍低于道路绿地土壤;土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价结果表明6种重金属中,Cd污染最严重,其潜在生态危害系数最高,总体上公园绿地土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险处于中等水平,而道路绿地土壤重金属污染则处于较高水平,且均受Cd污染控制;多元统计分析结果表明,中心城区绿地土壤中重金属主要源于交通排放和工业活动释放,道路绿地土壤重金属更易受交通排放污染的影响。Abstract: Contamination characteristics of a set of heavy metals, including Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Ni, in the top soils collected from the two types of green space (urban park and roadside) in the central Shanghai were investigated. The results showed that heavy metals except for Cr and Ni were accumulated remarkably in the soils of urban green space, and the heavy metal concentrations were higher in soils of roadside green space than those in soils of urban park green space. The ecological risk assessment of soils heavy metals showed that the Cd pollution was the most serious among the 6 observed metals, and the potential ecological risk index (RI) of heavy metals in the soils of urban parks green space was generally at an intermediate level, while the RI in the soils of roadside green space was at a relatively high level. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that traffic emission and industrial activity were mainly responsible for the accumulation of heavy metals in the soils of urban green space, while heavy metals in the soils of roadside green space were mostly influenced by traffic activities.
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Key words:
- Urban green space soil /
- Heavy metal /
- Traffic emission /
- Industrial activities
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表 1 世界主要大城市土壤中重金属含量对比(mg kg-1)
Table 1. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in urban soils collected in different megacities
城市
CityPb Zn Cu Cr Cd Ni 人口/万人a
Population/104数据来源
Data source墨西哥城 141 307 101 117 − 40 2100 [15] 泰国曼谷 47.8 118 41.7 26.4 0.29 24.8 820 [16] 中国香港 93.4 168 24.8 − 2.18 − 740 [17] 德国汉堡 168 516 146.6 95.4 2.0 62.5 190 [18] 韩国首尔 240 271 84 − 3.1 − 970 [19] 西班牙马德里 161 210 72 75 − 14 660 [20] 英国伦敦 294 183 73 − 1.0 − 890 [21] 意大利巴勒莫 202 138 63 34 0.68 17.8 68 [22] 挪威奥斯陆 180 412 123 − 1.4 41 68 [23] 北京 66.2 87.6 71.2 − − 22.2 2200 [24] 上海(2000年) 70.7 301.4 59.3 107.9 0.5 31.1 2400 [9] 上海公园绿地 53.1 240.0 46.6 62.6 0.4 33.0 2400 本研究 上海道路绿地 82.7 462.7 74.5 154.9 0.7 29.1 2400 本研究 a.人口为2018年统计数据 表 2 两种类型绿地土壤中重金属元素的主成分分析结果
Table 2. Component matrix of heavy metals in different soils.
重金属
Heavy metal公园绿地土壤
Soil of park green belt道路绿地土壤
Soil of roadside green beltPC1 PC2 PC1 PC2 Pb 0.57 0.57 0.90 −0.31 Zn 0.96 0.08 0.57 0.53 Cu 0.93 0.18 0.91 −0.12 Cr 0.01 0.90 −0.11 0.95 Cd 0.32 0.80 0.73 −0.12 Ni 0.57 −0.60 0.09 0.87 初始特征值 2.90 1.83 2.82 1.77 变量解释百分比(%) 48.3 30.4 47.0 29.5 累积变量解释百分比(%) 48.3 78.7 47.0 76.5 -
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