Bioaccumulation of Chlorpyrifos in Earthworm and Its Growth under Different Soil Pollution Conditions
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摘要: 以皮质远盲蚓(Amynthas corticis)为试验生物,采用一次、叠加的污染方式,研究了毒死蜱在土壤中的残留、蚯蚓体内的累积特征及对蚯蚓生长的影响。结果显示:相同实验浓度条件下,以叠加污染方式进入土壤的毒死蜱残留量低于一次污染方式的残留量。当土壤毒死蜱浓度为12 ~ 20 mg kg−1,暴露55 d时,一次污染条件下,蚯蚓体内毒死蜱蓄积量为3.73 ~ 8.84 mg kg−1,生物-土壤蓄积因子(FBSA)为1.55 ~ 1.70;叠加污染条件下,蚯蚓毒死蜱蓄积量为5.21 ~ 11.04 mg kg−1,FBSA为2.22 ~ 2.46。相同实验浓度条件下,叠加污染方式进入土壤的毒死蜱对蚯蚓的生长抑制显著高于一次污染处理组。该研究结果可为土壤毒死蜱生物毒性和生态风险评价提供基础数据。Abstract: A laboratory experiment was conducted using the multiple-time superimposed and one-time pollution methods to investigate the degradation characteristics of chlorpyrifos in soil, bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in Amynthas corticis and its influence on growth of the earthworm. The results showed that the residue of chlorpyrifos in soil was more under one-time pollution condition than that under the multiple-time superimposed condition. When the soil was treated with 12-20 mg kg−1 chlorpyrifos for 55 days, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in earthworm was measured to be 3.73-8.84 mg kg−1 with the FBSA being in the range of 1.55-1.70 under one-time pollution condition; the concentration of chlorpyrifos in earthworm was measured to be 5.21-11.04 mg kg−1 with the FBSA being in the range of 2.22-2.46 under the multiple-time superimposed condition. Compared with the one-time pollution methods, the accumulation of chlorpyrifos in earthworm increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the inhibition in growth increased significantly (P < 0.05) using the superimposed multi-time pollution when the soil was treated with the same concentration of chlorpyrifos. The findings of the research may serve as basic date for assessment to bio-toxicity and ecological risk of chlorpyrifos.
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Key words:
- Earthworm /
- Chlorpyrifos /
- Accumulation /
- Growth toxicity
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表 1 蚯蚓对不同污染方式进入土壤的毒死蜱蓄积
Table 1. Effect of different chlorpyrifos application on chlorpyrifos accumulation in earthworms
处理组(mg·kg−1)
Treatment蚯蚓体内毒死蜱蓄积量(mg·kg−1)
The chlorpyrifos accumulation in earthworms21 d 28 d 35 d 45 d 55 d 4(一次污染) 1.01 ± 0.12 Aa 1.44 ± 0.25 Ab 1.22 ± 0.23 Ab 0.71 ± 0.11 Ac 0.68 ± 0.18 Ac 4(一次叠加) 1.02 ± 0.10 Aa 1.34 ± 0.20 Ab 1.19 ± 0.25 Ab 0.67 ± 0.18 Ac 0.61 ± 0.21 Ac 12(一次污染) 3.65 ± 0.21 Ba 4.85 ± 0.23 Bb 4.38 ± 0.25 Bb 4.05 ± 0.30 Bc 3.73 ± 0.28 Bc 12(三次叠加) 3.85 ± 0.18 Ba 4.15 ± 0.20 Ca 4.81 ± 0.25 Cb 5.02 ± 0.27 Cb 5.21 ± 0.26 Cb 20(一次污染) 6.65 ± 0.22 Ca 9.66 ± 0.26 Db 9.45 ± 0.31 Db 9.13 ± 0.26 Db 8.84 ± 0.17 Db 20(五次叠加) 6.38 ± 0.18 Ca 8.60 ± 0.18 Eb 10.05 ± 0.26 Ec 10.14 ± 0.31 Ed 11.04 ± 0.34 Ee 注:同一行数据不同小写字母表示同一污染条件、相同浓度处理组,不同暴露时间差异之间蚯蚓体内毒死蜱蓄积量差异显著(P < 0.05);同一列数据不同大写字母表示同一污染条件、相同暴露时间,不同污染浓度处理组间蚯蚓体内毒死蜱蓄积量差异显著(P < 0.05)。 表 2 土壤生物蚯蚓-土壤毒死蜱蓄积因子
Table 2. Chlorpyrifos biota-soil accumulation factor of the earthworm in soil exposed to chlorpyrifos during the experimental period
处理组(mg kg−1)
Treatment蓄积因子(FBSA)
Chlorpyrifos biota-soil accumulation factor of the earthworm21 d 28 d 35 d 45 d 55 d 4(一次污染) 0.77 1.26 1.22 1.2 1.02 4(一次叠加) 0.81 1.13 1.2 1.04 1.06 12(一次污染) 0.91 1.33 1.33 1.38 1.55 12(三次叠加) 1.11 1.35 1.67 2.01 2.22 20(一次污染) 0.93 1.47 1.55 1.57 1.7 20(五次叠加) 1.33 1.35 1.78 2 2.46 表 3 不同污染方式进入土壤的毒死蜱对蚯蚓的生长影响
Table 3. Effect of different chlorpyrifos application on growth of earthworms
处理组(mg kg−1)
Treatment蚯蚓平均重量(mg)
Mean weight per earthworm21 d 28 d 35 d 45 d 55 d 对照组 508.5 ± 18.1 aA 512.5 ± 19.5 aA 518.4 ± 16.2 aA 520.5 ± 19.3 aA 522.3 ± 17.6 aA 4(一次污染) 505.1 ± 16.5 aA 498.2 ± 18.8 aA 491.7 ± 19.3 aA 508.5 ± 10.2 aA 511.4 ± 10.2 aA 4(一次叠加) 495.3 ± 17.2 aA 502.8 ± 19.4 aA 505.4 ± 10.3 aA 511.1 ± 11.2 aA 515.7 ± 9.8 aA 12(一次污染) 485.7 ± 6.5 aA 481.8 ± 20.3 aA 457.8 ± 12.5 bB 451.3 ± 16.1 bB 457.2 ± 16.2 bB 12(三次叠加) 495.2 ± 10.1 aA 485.7 ± 12.2 aA 465.5 ± 14.1 bB 421.6 ± 15.7 bC 404.2 ± 10.6 bC 20(一次污染) 470.8 ± 12.3 aA 477.2 ± 20.6 aA 460.7 ± 14.4 bB 452.8 ± 13.3 bB 450.2 ± 20.3 bB 20(五次叠加) 482.6 ± 19.6 aA 491.9 ± 21.1 aA 455.6 ± 18.8 bB 414.6 ± 20.3 cC 361.6 ± 22.1 cD 注:同一行数据不同小写字母表示同一污染条件、相同浓度处理组,不同暴露时间之间蚯蚓体内毒死蜱蓄积量差异显著(P < 0.05);同一列数据不同大写字母表示同一污染条件、相同暴露时间,不同污染浓度处理组间蚯蚓体内毒死蜱蓄积量差异显著(P < 0.05)。 -
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