椰糠复合基质对番茄穴盘幼苗生长效应的综合评价

张婧; 吴慧; 程云霞; 陈奕琳; 燕存尧; 贾凯; 彭宇

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021020803

椰糠复合基质对番茄穴盘幼苗生长效应的综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Growth Effect of Coconut-Bran Compound Substrate on Tomato Plug Seedling

摘要

摘要: 为缓解草炭基质的使用压力及椰子果实外壳被焚烧丢弃造成的资源浪费和环境污染等问题。本试验以毛粉‘812’为试验材料，研究不同复合基质对番茄幼苗生长、叶片生理活性及光合特性的影响，通过对不同复合基质育苗效果的综合评价筛选出最佳的复合基质配方。结果表明：T9复合基质配方〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）=3∶2.5∶2.5〕的通气孔隙度、气水比、pH、叶绿素相对含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素总含量、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、根系活力、G值及壮苗指数相对较高，分别为10.46%、0.19、7.59、46.59、0.154 mg g⁻¹、1.356 mg g⁻¹、0.18 mol m⁻² s⁻¹、9.59 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹、11.44 μg（g h）⁻¹、18.67 mg d⁻¹、0.37。利用主成分分析将番茄幼苗的各项指标进行综合评价，结果显示：不同复合基质配方的综合排名由高到低为T9〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 3∶2.5∶2.5〕 > T8〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 4∶3∶1〕 > T6〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 5∶2∶1〕 > T5〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 5∶1∶2〕 > T7〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 4∶1∶3〕 > T1〔V（草炭）∶V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 3∶1∶2∶2〕 > T4〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 4∶2∶2〕 > T2〔V（草炭）∶V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 2∶2∶2∶2〕 > T3〔V（草炭）∶V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 1∶3∶2∶2〕 > CK〔V（草炭）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 4∶2∶2〕。由此可见，T9复合基质配方〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 3∶2.5∶2.5〕可作为番茄适宜的穴盘育苗基质配方。

Abstract: In order to alleviate the pressure of the peat substrate utilization and the waste and the environmental pollution caused by the coconut fruit shell burned and discarded. A wool powder ‘812’ as a tested material was used to investigate the effects of different compound substrates on tomato seedling growth, leaf physiological activity and photosynthetic characteristics. The best compound substrate formula was screened out through the comprehensive evaluation on the effect of different compound substrates. The results showed that the aeration porosity, air-water ratio, pH, relative chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), root vitality, G value and seedling index with T9 compound substrate formula V (coconut bran)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) =3∶2.5∶2.5 were relatively high, with the values of 10.46%, 0.19, 7.59, 46.59, 0.154 mg g⁻¹, 1.356 mg g⁻¹, 0.18 mol m⁻² s⁻¹, 9.59 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 11.44 μg (g h)⁻¹, 18.67 mg d⁻¹ and 0.37, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation on the indices of tomato seedlings by the principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive ranking with different compound substrate formulations from high to low was T9 V (coconut bran)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) = 3∶2.5∶2.5 > T8 V (coconut bran)∶V(vermiculite)∶V(perlite) = 4∶3∶1 > T6 V (coconut bran)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) = 5∶2∶1 > T5 V (coconut bran)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) = 5∶1∶2 > T7 V (coconut bran)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) = 4∶1∶3 > T1 V (grass)∶V (coconut chaff)∶V (Vermiculite)∶V(Perlite) = 3∶1∶2∶2 > T4 V (coconut chaff)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (Perlite) = 4∶2∶2 > T2 V (grass)∶V (coconut bran)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) = 2∶2∶2∶2 > T3 V (grass)∶V (coconut bran)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) = 1∶3∶2∶2 > CK V (peat)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) = 4∶2∶2. These results indicated that the T9 compound substrate formula V (coconut bran)∶V (vermiculite)∶V (perlite) = 3∶2.5∶2.5 could be a suitable plug seedling substrate formula for tomato.

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