Effects of Biochar Complexes from Different Raw Materials on Speciation and Cadmium Uptake of Chinese Cabbage in Contaminated Soil
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摘要: 通过生物质炭复配,降低治理成本,为提高秸秆生物质炭对镉污染土壤的治理效果,将秸秆生物质炭(大豆秸秆炭(SSB)、油菜秸秆炭(RSB))与动物屠宰废弃物炭(SWB)复配,设置2.22 g kg−1(B1)、4.44 g kg−1(B2)两个施用量,通过小白菜盆栽试验,研究生物质炭对原位污染土壤镉赋存形态及小白菜镉吸收的影响。研究表明,与对照(CK)相比,生物质炭显著降低小白菜根系和地上部的镉含量。在4.44 g kg−1施炭水平下,SSB2和RSB2处理的小白菜根系镉含量较SWB2处理显著降低、降幅分别达 33.40%和 20.49%。SSB2处理小白菜根系镉的富集系数较SWB2处理显著降低、降幅达31.68%。与 SSB2处理相比,SSB与SWB复配(SSWB2)处理根系和地上部镉含量分别降低22.57%和 36.14%。生物质炭显著降低土壤中镉的生物有效性,其中RSB2和SSB2处理的土壤交换态镉占比(F2)较SWB 2处理分别降低 9.31%和 3.63%,强有机结合态镉占比(F6)分别提高 16.11%和 9.74%。复配生物质炭SSWB2 处理的F2较SSB2 处理降低 11.05%,铁锰结合态镉占比(F5)提高13.50%。因此,秸秆生物质炭与屠宰废弃物炭复配可有效降低污染土壤镉的生物有效性及小白菜对镉的吸收和富集。Abstract: [Objective] To improve the effect of straw biochars on cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil and reduce the cost, the biochars’ complexes were applied based on a pot experiment of Chinese cabbage in this study. [Method] The combinations of straw biochars (soybean straw biochar (SSB), rape straw biochar (RSB)) and animal slaughter waste biochar (SWB) were applied with two concentration gradients of 2.22 g kg−1 (B1) and 4.44 g kg−1 (B2) in order to investigate the influence of Cd fraction in the in-situ contaminated soil and Cd absorption by the Chinese cabbage. [Result] The results showed that compared with the control (CK), biochar application treatments significantly decreased the Cd contents in root and the aboveground part of Chinese cabbage. Under the biochar application level of 4.44 g kg−1, Cd contents in roots of Chinese cabbage under the SSB2 and RSB2 treatments were significantly decreased by 33.40% and 20.49% compared with the SWB2 treatment, respectively. The bioconcentration factors of Cd in root treated with SSB2 were significantly decreased by 31.68% compared with the SWB2 treatment. In the biochar combination treatments, compared with the SSB2 treatment, Cd contents in roots and aboveground part of Chinese cabbage with the combined treatment of SSB and SWB (SSWB2) were significantly reduced by 22.57% and 36.14%, respectively. Biochar significantly reduced the bioavailability of Cd in soil. Compared with the SWB2 treatment, the proportions of exchangeable Cd (F2) in the RSB2 and SSB2 treatments decreased by 9.31% and 3.63%, respectively, while those of strongly organic bound Cd (F6) increased by 16.11% and 9.74%, respectively. Compared with the SSB2 treatment, the F2 fractionation of Cd in the SSWB2 treatment decreased by 11.05%, while the F5 fractionation of Cd increased by 13.50%. [Conclusion] Therefore, the combination of straw biochar and slaughter waste biochar could effectively reduce the bioavailability of Cd in contaminated soil and the Cd absorption by Chinese cabbage.
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Key words:
- Straw biochar /
- Slaughter waste biochar /
- Chinese cabbage /
- Cadmium /
- Speciation
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表 1 生物质炭的性质
Table 1. Properties of biochars
生物质炭
BiocharSWB SSB RSB pH 8.16 ± 0.02 c 9.80 ± 0.05 a 9.61 ± 0.02 b EC(ms cm−1) 0.67 ± 0.01 c 1.64 ± 0.01 b 8.65 ± 0.06 a DOC(g kg−1) 1.93 ± 0.01 b 4.24 ± 0.08 a 4.06 ± 0.13 a CEC(cmol kg−1) 48.61 ± 2.54 c 69.46 ± 2.07 b 73.49 ± 3.35 a C(%) 6.73 ± 0.06 c 61.89 ± 0.49 a 56.94 ± 0.77 b H(%) 1.27 ± 0.05 c 3.45 ± 0.04 a 3.11 ± 0.06 b N(%) 1.00 ± 0.004 b 1.33 ± 0.008 a 0.96 ± 0.006 c 全K(g kg−1) 1.10 ± 0.04 c 15.41 ± 0.39 b 47.16 ± 0.55 a 全Ca(g kg−1) 264.7 ± 4.3 a 32.31 ± 0.86 b 24.32 ± 0.54 c 全Mg(g kg−1) 5.85 ± 0.18 b 14.41 ± 0.29 a 3.67 ± 0.05 c 全P(g kg−1) 127.6 ± 2.8 a 0.89 ± 0.02 c 2.61 ± 0.08 b 全S(g kg−1) 0.33 ± 0.04 c 2.28 ± 0.06 b 6.47 ± 0.86 a 全Cd(mg kg−1) 0.27 ± 0.01 a 0.09 ± 0.01 c 0.19 ± 0.01 b 比表面 SBET(m2 g−1) 124.9 3.16 5.22 平均孔径 Average pore size(nm) 90.61 9.21 5.69 总孔体积 Total pore volume(cm3 g−1) 0.283 0.00728 0.00743 注:同行小写字母表示不同处理差异显著(P < 0.05)。 表 2 供试土壤基本性质
Table 2. Basic properties of soil
pH 阳离子交换量(cmol kg−1)
CEC有机质(g kg−1)
Organic matter全氮(g kg−1)
Total nitrogen速效磷(mg kg−1)
Available phosphorus速效钾(mg kg−1)
Available potassium全镉(mg kg−1)
Total cadmium7.03 ± 0.05 2.68 ± 0.02 22.20 ± 0.10 1.23 ± 0.01 9.65 ± 0.06 80.21 ± 1.21 0.43 ± 0.06 -
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