贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙镁和CaCO<sub>3</sub>含量分布特征及其相互关系

蔡凯; 高维常; 潘文杰; 姜超英; 张恒; 李洪勋; 林叶春

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021071001

贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙镁和CaCO₃含量分布特征及其相互关系

Distribution Characteristics and Relationships of Soil pH, Exchangeable Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ in Tobacco-planting Fields in Guizhou

摘要

摘要:
目的明确贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙（Ca²⁺）、交换性镁（Mg²⁺）和碳酸钙（CaCO₃）的含量分布特征及其相互关系，指导土壤酸碱调节及钙镁肥料施用。
方法采集贵州全省烟区500个典型烟田耕层（0 ~ 20 cm）土样，采用经典方法测定土壤pH、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和CaCO₃含量，利用SPSS比较不同成土母质、土壤类型和区域之间pH、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和CaCO₃的含量差异，定量分析pH与Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和CaCO₃之间的关系。
结果土壤pH、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量偏低的烟田分别占20.0%、18.2%和56.4%，偏高的烟田分别占37.0%、55.8%和29.6%。CaCO₃低于10 g kg⁻¹烟田占88.4%。不同成土母质、土壤类型和烟区土壤pH、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺ 和CaCO₃存在一定差异，不同母岩发育的土壤CaCO₃无显著差异，水稻土和石灰土pH和Mg²⁺显著高于其他土壤类型，土壤pH、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺在不同烟区间的差异性强于CaCO₃。pH、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和CaCO₃之间均显著正相关（P < 0.01），基于全省尺度的pH与Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和CaCO₃含量之间一元线性回归模型为： pH = 5.065 + 0.393Mg²⁺ + 0.081Ca²⁺ + 0.001CaCO₃（R² = 0.578，P < 0.001，MAE = 0.58，RSME = 0.71），其精度与基于母岩类型、土壤类型和区域的线性模型大致相当。
结论贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙、交换性镁和碳酸钙含量与分布受到成土母质、土壤类型和区域的影响，pH受交换性钙、交换性镁和碳酸钙的共同影响，烟田土壤酸碱调节及钙镁肥料施用应综合考虑土壤的pH、交换性钙、交换性镁和碳酸钙。

Abstract:
Objective This study aims to understand the distribution characteristics and the relationships among soil pH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ in tobacco-planting fields in Guizhou and then scientifically to guide the adjustment of soil acidity or alkalinity as well as the application of calcium and magnesium fertilizers.
Method Topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from 500 typical tobacco-planting fields widely distributed in Guizhou. Soil pH, exchangeable Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ were determined, and then the content changes and correlation regression models among different parent materials, soil types and regions were analyzed and discussed with SPSS.
Result According to the suitability for tobacco-planting, 20.0%, 18.2% and 56.4% of samples were lower and 37.0%, 55.8% and 29.6% were higher in pH values, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents, respectively. 88.4% and 6.2% of samples were lower than 10 g kg⁻¹ or 10 ~ 30 g kg⁻¹ in CaCO₃ content. Soil pH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ were differed with different parent materials. Soil pH and Mg²⁺ contents of paddy soil and lime soil were significantly higher than those of other soil types. The differences of pH, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in regions were larger than that of CaCO₃. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations among pH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ (P < 0.01), and the linear regression model of pH with Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ was as follows: pH = 5.065+0.393Mg²⁺+0.081Ca²⁺+0.001CaCO₃ (R² = 0.578, P < 0.001, MAE = 0.58, RSME = 0.71).
Conclusion The contents and distribution of soil pH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ in Guizhou tobacco-planting fields are affected by parent materials, soil types and regions, and pH is affected by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃. For soil pH adjustment and the application of calcium and magnesium fertilizers, soil pH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ should be simultaneously considered due to their close relationships.

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贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙镁和CaCO3含量分布特征及其相互关系

Distribution Characteristics and Relationships of Soil pH, Exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and CaCO3 in Tobacco-planting Fields in Guizhou

贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙镁和CaCO₃含量分布特征及其相互关系

Distribution Characteristics and Relationships of Soil pH, Exchangeable Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaCO₃ in Tobacco-planting Fields in Guizhou