改良剂施用对矿区复垦土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳组分的影响

张昊; 樊文华; 田剑; 刘新梅; 刘奋武; 王改玲; 狄晓颖

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021102005

改良剂施用对矿区复垦土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳组分的影响

Effects of Different Amendments on Water-stable Aggregates and Organic Carbon Components in a Reclaimed Soil

摘要

摘要:
目的探究施用不同种类和数量改良剂对矿区复垦土壤水稳性团聚体和有机碳的影响。
方法在山西省古交市屯兰煤矿复垦6年的地块上设置随机区组试验，在0 ~ 20 cm土层按土壤重量的1%、3%、5%分别施用腐殖酸和泥炭两种改良剂，于施用后1年和2年时两次取样测定0 ~ 20 cm土壤团聚体组成、有机碳含量及其组分，对不同种类和数量改良剂的改良效果进行评价。
结果施用腐殖酸、泥炭后1年时各处理土壤 > 2 mm水稳性团聚体质量分数均高于对照，增幅为1.53% ~ 62.27%，且土壤水稳性团聚体均以大团聚体（> 0.25 mm）为主；施用改良剂后2年时各处理土壤水稳性大团聚体含量降低，降幅为1.73% ~ 11.35%，土壤团聚体以 < 0.053 mm粒级的团聚体为主。施用改良剂后腐殖酸处理的土壤有机碳储量、固碳量和固碳速率呈先增加后减少的趋势，泥炭处理随泥炭施用量的增加而增加。施用改良剂后土壤 > 2 mm粒级团聚体质量分数与土壤有机碳储量呈显著正相关。施用改良剂能增加复垦土壤矿物结合态有机碳含量，且施用腐殖酸处理的含量高于泥炭处理。施用改良剂后2年时与1年相比，复垦土壤颗粒态有机碳含量呈增长的趋势，土壤铁铝键结合态有机碳含量则呈降低趋势。施用腐殖酸、泥炭可增加复垦土壤羧酸、醇类等官能团含量，显著增加土壤中多糖物质的含量。
结论在矿区复垦土壤上施用腐殖酸、泥炭可显著增加土壤大团聚体数量，提高土壤有机碳、矿物结合态有机碳和颗粒态有机碳含量及土壤固碳量；随腐殖酸、泥炭施用量增加，土壤固碳速率增加、固碳效率减小；复垦区土壤改良需逐年施用腐殖酸、泥炭等改良剂，才能获得稳定的改良效果。

Abstract:
Objective To explore the effect of different types and quantities of applied amendments on soil water-stable aggregates and carbon (C) sequestration components in reclaimed soil.
Method A randomized block experiment was set up in the soil for 6 years after reclamation in Tunlan Coal Mine in Gujiao City, Shanxi Province. Two amendments of humic acids and peat were added to the soil with 1%, 3% and 5% of the soil weight in the plough layer (0-20 cm). Samples were taken in the 1^st and 2^nd years after application, and the soil aggregate composition, soil organic C (SOC) content, components and C sequestration capacity of 0-20 cm soil layer.
Results After applying humic acid and peat after 1 year, the content of > 2 mm soil water-stable aggregates was higher than that of the control. The soil water-stable aggregates were mainly great 0.25 mm in particle size. After 2-year application of amendments, the soil water-stable aggregates were mainly distributed in < 0.053 mm. The SOC content of humic acid treatment was significantly higher than that of peat treatment with equal mass. After 1-year applying amendment, the SOC storage, C sequestration rate of humic acid treatments increased at first and then decreased. The mass fraction of soil > 2 mm aggregates in 1 year after application of amendments was significantly positively correlated with SOC storage, and it was extremely positively correlated with SOC content after 2-year application of amendments. The application of amendments could improve the content of MOC. The POC content showed an increasing trend in 2-year results, while the content of Fe-Al-bonding organic C decreased in reclaimed soil. The application of humic acids and peat could increase the contents of carboxylic acid, alcohols and other functional groups in reclaimed soil, and significantly increase the content of polysaccharide in soil.
Conclusion The additions of humic acids and peat could significantly increase the contents of soil aggregates, SOC, POC, MOC and the ability of soil C sequestration. With the increase of peat and humic acid application, the soil C sequestration rate increases but the soil C sequestration efficiency decreases. After 2-year application of amendments, the macro-aggregate and the SOC of reclaimed soil showed a downward trend, thereby the improvement of reclaimed soil should continue to use humic acids and peat year by year.

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