花生壳及其生物炭施用对旱地红壤微生物活性及红薯产量的影响

冯今萍; 周际海; 魏倩; 郜茹茹; 成艳红; 黄欠如; 李大明

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022011801

花生壳及其生物炭施用对旱地红壤微生物活性及红薯产量的影响

Effects of Peanut Shell and Its Biochar Application on Microbial Activity and Sweet Potato Yield in Dryland Red Soil

摘要

摘要:
目的明确旱地红壤微生物活性及作物产量对花生壳及其生物炭的响应规律。
方法本研究在江西旱地红壤区进行田间定位试验，根据“等碳量还田”原则设置7个处理。包括常规管理（CK），施用花生壳3000 kg hm⁻²（S1）、4500 kg hm⁻²（S2）、6000 kg hm⁻²（S3），施用花生壳生物炭1000 kg hm⁻²（BC1）、1500 kg hm⁻²（BC2）、2000 kg hm⁻²（BC3），各处理均种植红薯。通对红薯生育期内土壤基础呼吸强度、土壤微生物量碳、土壤酶活性的测定探讨花生壳及其生物炭对旱地红壤微生物活性及红薯产量的影响。
结果施用花生壳及其生物炭均能提高土壤基础呼吸强度、土壤微生物量碳含量，花生壳及其生物炭的施用提高了土壤FDA水解酶和土壤脱氢酶活性，且均以苗期S2比CK增加最显著，增幅分别达54.78%和47.79%。花生壳及其生物炭的施用对土壤过氧化氢酶活性有促进作用，在块根形成初期S3增加最显著，达31.33%，土壤蔗糖酶活性以苗期S3增加最显著，达69.42%；施用花生壳及其等碳量生物炭均能提高红薯产量，红薯产量与土壤微生物量碳呈极显著正相关，与土壤基础呼吸强度呈显著正相关。
结论适量的花生壳及其生物炭还田可以改善土壤肥力状况，增加红薯的产量。

Abstract:
Objective The aim was to clarify the response of microbial activity and crop yield to peanut shell and its biochar in upland red soil.
Method Field located experiments were carried out in the red soil area of Jiangxi Province, and seven treatments were set up according to the principle of “Equal carbon return to field”. ① CK: conventional management, ② S1: application of peanut shell (3000 kg hm⁻²), ③ S2: application of peanut shell (4500 kg hm⁻²), ④ S3: Application of peanut shell (6000 kg hm⁻²), ⑤ BC1: application of peanut shell biochar (1000 kg hm⁻²), ⑥ BC2: application of peanut shell biochar (1500 kg hm⁻²), and ⑦ BC3: application of peanut shell biochar (2000 kg hm⁻²). All treatments were planted with sweet potatoes. The effects of peanut shell and its equivalent biochar on microbial activity and sweet potato yield in dryland red soil were studied by measuring soil basal respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil enzyme activity during the growth period of sweet potato.
Result The application of peanut shell and its biochar could both increase soil respiration intensity and soil microbial biomass carbon content. They increased the activities of soil FDA hydrolase and soil dehydrogenase in the seedling stage of S2, with 54.78% and 47.79%. The application of peanut shell and its biochar had promoting effects on soil catalase and soil invertase activities. The catalase activities increased most significantly in the early stage of tuber formation, reaching 31.33%, and the soil invertase activities increased most significantly in the seedling stage, reaching 69.42%. The application of peanut shells and biochar with the same carbon content could increase the yield of sweet potato. The yield of sweet potato had a very significant positive correlation with soil microbial biomass carbon, and a significant positive correlation with soil basal respiration.
Conclusion Appropriate amount of peanut shell and its biochar could improve soil fertility and increase the yield of sweet potato. This experiment can provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the improvement of red soil fertility in dryland, the comprehensive utilization of crop straw and the implementation of circular agriculture.

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