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松嫩平原产油区农田土壤重金属含量及污染风险评价

崔艳红 孙鹏 曹冬梅 陈宝政 王彦宏

崔艳红, 孙 鹏, 曹冬梅, 陈宝政, 王彦宏. 松嫩平原产油区农田土壤重金属含量及污染风险评价[J]. 土壤通报, 2022, 53(5): 1182 − 1193 doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022012604
引用本文: 崔艳红, 孙 鹏, 曹冬梅, 陈宝政, 王彦宏. 松嫩平原产油区农田土壤重金属含量及污染风险评价[J]. 土壤通报, 2022, 53(5): 1182 − 1193 doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022012604
CUI Yan-hong, SUN Peng, CAO Dong-mei, CHEN Bao-zheng, WANG Yan-hong. Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk Assessment in Farmland Soil of the Oil Producing Areas on the Songnen Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2022, 53(5): 1182 − 1193 doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022012604
Citation: CUI Yan-hong, SUN Peng, CAO Dong-mei, CHEN Bao-zheng, WANG Yan-hong. Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk Assessment in Farmland Soil of the Oil Producing Areas on the Songnen Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2022, 53(5): 1182 − 1193 doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022012604

松嫩平原产油区农田土壤重金属含量及污染风险评价

doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022012604
基金项目: 黑龙江八一农垦大学校内培育课题资助计划(XZR2016-14)、国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0206300)和大庆市指导性科技计划(zd-2019-51)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    崔艳红(1977−),女,黑龙江省哈尔滨市,博士研究生,助理研究员,主要从事土壤重金属污染评价及修复研究。E-mail: 422536337@ qq.com

    通讯作者:

    E-mail: caodong3018@ sina.com

  • 中图分类号: S151.9

Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk Assessment in Farmland Soil of the Oil Producing Areas on the Songnen Plain

  • 摘要:   目的  为探明松嫩平原石油开采及石化工业活动区周边农田土壤重金属污染分布及风险状况。  方法  在大庆市让胡路区选择代表性农田采集96份土壤样品,测定重金属(Cd、Hg、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr、As)含量;在利用地统计学克里金插值法分析重金属含量空间分布特征的基础上,采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对该地区农田土壤重金属污染状况及其生态风险进行评价。  结果  该区土壤中Cd和Ni的含量分别为土壤背景值的1.39倍和1.27倍。在对各样点Pb、Zn、Cu和Cr 4种元素含量分析中,均出现不同程度的高于土壤背景值的样点。重金属Cd的地积累指数平均值为0.11,达到轻度~中度污染水平。研究区土壤重金属潜在生态危害风险指数(RI)平均值为84.84,从大到小为Cd > Hg > Ni > As > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr,其中Cd的RI值最大为190.23,达到中等生态危害范围。研究区农田土壤重金属含量在空间分布上表现为:Cd、Zn和Pb含量高值区出现在中部地区,其它重金属元素含量高值区分布比较零散。  结论  研究区域内,8种重金属含量的平均值均低于风险筛选值,Cd和Ni两种重金属平均含量超出了背景值,从地积累指数来看,Cd污染等级为1级,其它7种元素均处于无污染水平。从潜在生态风险分析可知,该区域污染程度属于轻度生态危害范围。
  • 图  1  研究区位置及采样点分布图

    Figure  1.  Position in the study area and the sampling point distribution

    表  1  大庆地区8种重金属的背景值及其毒性系数

    Table  1.   Background values (Bn) and toxic-response factor (Ti) of 8 heavy metals in soil of Daqing area

    元素
    Element
    CdHgAsPbCrCuNiZn
    背景值Bn(mg kg−10.0790.0169.3322.750.8218.7424.1657.34
    毒性系数Ti30401052551
      注:表中数据来源参考文献[22-24]
    下载: 导出CSV

    S1  农田土壤重金属含量原始数据(n = 96)

    S1.   Raw data on soil heavy metal content in farmland (n = 96)

    地点样本Pb
    (mg kg−1)
    Cd
    (mg kg−1)
    Cr
    (mg kg−1)
    Cu
    (mg kg−1)
    Ni
    (mg kg−1)
    Zn
    (mg kg−1)
    Hg
    (mg kg−1)
    As
    (mg kg−1)
    红骥牧场126.40.2721.515.318.695.50.006883.30
    232.00.237.568.8236.91070.006763.30
    360.90.1318.912.043.81030.01043.57
    452.80.3322.710.436.31180.005863.28
    530.70.3118.516.310.01180.005413.16
    633.30.1232.323.542.075.70.01173.46
    745.70.2527.19.6011.81550.006123.19
    836.90.4125.08.8728.21360.004483.21
    97.600.2111.019.219.441.90.003044.48
    1010.50.157.5714.420.328.50.003274.03
    1115.80.1210.820.816.751.40.003224.35
    129.160.0898.1511.86.1230.30.01074.09
    136.960.0675.839.037.4021.70.01044.33
    148.080.0698.4914.319.336.80.01174.63
    1515.90.137.3212.817.756.30.01184.84
    166.350.0576.858.206.8128.90.007314.43
    1719.00.154.8314.927.943.60.01144.75
    1814.60.0994.659.8443.841.80.008684.38
    1915.00.0764.5312.533.333.10.009224.55
    2014.10.0694.0210.537.131.10.008224.26
    2113.90.0604.745.3443.819.90.007234.03
    2211.30.0464.024.3827.019.20.007393.98
    2314.40.104.9610.424.035.80.009464.39
    2413.30.0444.116.0851.820.30.008114.38
    喇嘛甸镇2531.10.3216.610.933.81450.004653.23
    2638.00.2120.111.521.01180.01313.28
    2730.90.1915.39.7221.791.70.01163.33
    2814.40.04210.73.5624.129.60.01114.59
    2916.30.03722.12.3638.828.00.01184.03
    3010.70.0479.342.1735.327.70.01224.63
    319.790.0999.8611.314.635.30.01314.80
    328.910.09910.214.74.8342.30.01234.70
    337.950.07311.39.6316.226.10.01414.66
    3410.00.07610.39.096.4927.30.01364.79
    358.650.09610.67.4619.129.10.01504.58
    3610.30.07310.33.1610.324.30.01504.09
    3714.00.06712.17.0147.022.30.01574.37
    3815.00.08511.79.0138.037.90.01564.33
    3912.10.05112.12.5956.418.20.01254.51
    4013.50.08212.26.1146.632.60.009314.28
    4112.40.07711.94.5529.419.00.008834.16
    4211.70.05511.62.2553.237.90.008854.30
    银浪牧场4317.40.09812.18.2735.242.20.01293.89
    4418.10.08926.010.454.753.10.01244.20
    4515.10.3224.410.351.642.90.006683.32
    4610.00.08213.73.9933.530.80.01223.81
    4713.50.07119.83.3334.930.80.01374.35
    4812.20.05312.22.6839.229.50.01224.84
    4915.50.05917.25.2136.733.80.01394.83
    5014.30.0468.803.1029.822.70.01274.88
    5113.80.05310.84.0650.334.20.01384.87
    5218.30.118.5213.222.748.90.008104.08
    5310.90.0935.688.3918.439.40.008284.16
    5411.10.116.7410.8318.238.90.008074.04
    559.820.104.978.1016.335.70.008614.15
    5611.10.0987.787.7817.031.80.008134.03
    579.130.128.918.4412.642.70.008154.17
    589.700.0656.507.6812.231.10.008804.21
    598.170.0474.622.4211.318.40.008984.29
    609.090.0894.394.799.7023.70.008774.17
    6115.60.0694.9611.231.633.70.01444.63
    6218.10.0734.0113.634.731.40.01124.89
    6317.00.0974.1111.941.728.80.01104.66
    6414.00.0704.517.6940.426.60.009824.51
    6513.30.0604.189.8935.830.50.01274.51
    6616.60.0754.178.3540.135.00.01164.55
    6713.30.0684.969.2351.612.70.01354.53
    6811.70.0334.202.1256.119.20.008214.37
    6911.20.0664.733.6844.730.30.01054.26
    7014.30.0538.653.2030.023.00.00384.87
    719.650.0676.677.8912.431.20.00584.38
    7216.50.0754.238.5441.335.90.01194.56
    星火牧场7314.90.0921377.8538.240.60.01134.16
    7413.70.08333.04.2028.234.40.01014.20
    7512.80.1219.36.3936.933.30.009803.89
    7613.40.108.990.3335.523.10.009283.92
    7771.40.1723.411.549.643.30.006633.59
    7819.00.04915.62.7326.231.90.01574.45
    7960.10.08412.59.7249.038.60.01304.22
    8016.20.09419.06.8152.231.50.009604.21
    8110.30.145.2022.513.946.70.009383.30
    828.980.146.808.9619.141.10.009263.30
    8310.90.166.6818.223.154.30.01493.57
    8411.80.114.916.5818.733.50.008363.28
    8511.70.174.255.4218.032.90.007913.16
    8613.40.0807.918.6919.631.70.01523.46
    8714.40.109.8611.524.236.50.008623.19
    8814.70.146.618.8423.834.40.006983.21
    8913.60.0554.638.8358.134.60.01034.57
    9014.20.0954.1210.150.745.00.01194.74
    9114.30.0864.9411.929.246.20.01284.84
    9213.60.154.6410.938.841.20.009894.52
    9316.10.144.039.4840.123.90.01244.70
    9412.80.104.126.8137.923.40.01014.31
    9514.90.0644.9110.454.532.00.01294.09
    9614.60.0644.778.5962.323.40.01134.84
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  地积累指数(Igeo)分级标准

    Table  2.   Grading standards of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo)

    地累积指数
    Igeo
    分级
    Grade
    污染程度
    Pollution degree
    Igeo ≤ 00无污染
    0 < Igeo ≤ 11轻度-中等污染
    1 < Igeo ≤ 22中等污染
    2 < Igeo ≤ 33中等-强污染
    3 < Igeo ≤ 44强污染
    4 < Igeo ≤ 55强-极严重污染
    5 < Igeo ≤ 106极严重污染
      注:表中分级标准见参考文献[13]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  潜在危害系数(Ei)和生态危害指数(RI)分级标准

    Table  3.   Grading standards of potential ecological risk factors (Ei) and ecological risk indices (RI)

    潜在危害系数
    Ei
    生态危害指数
    RI
    潜在风险程度
    Potential risk level
    < 40< 150轻度生态危害
    40 ≤ Ei < 80150 ≤ RI < 300中等生态危害
    80 ≤ Ei < 160300 ≤ RI < 600较强生态危害
    160 ≤ Ei < 320≥ 600很强生态危害
    ≥ 320极度生态危害
      注:表中分级标准见参考文献[14]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  农田土壤重金属含量统计值

    Table  4.   Statistics on soil heavy metal content in farmland

    元素
    Element
    最小值
    Minimum
    (mg kg−1)
    最大值
    Maximum
    (mg kg−1)
    平均值
    Arithmetic mean
    (mg kg−1)
    标准差
    Standard deviation
    变异系数
    Coefficient of Variation
    (%)
    富集比例
    Enrichment ratio
    风险筛选值
    Risk screening value
    (mg kg−1)
    Cd0.0330.410.110.07165.1253/960.60
    Hg0.003040.01570.01020.003029.6103.40
    As3.164.894.160.5212.42025
    Pb6.3571.416.911.6268.8313/96170
    Cr4.0113711.714.52124.121/96250
    Cu0.3323.58.894.054.494/96100
    Ni4.8362.330.814.4646.8958/96190
    Zn12.7015542.428.4567.1311/96300
    pH7.029.608.090.334.03
    有机质13.5045.0022.515.2923.52
    水溶性盐0.191.860.860.3743.23
      注:pH无单位,水溶性盐的单位为g kg−1,有机质的单位为g kg−1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  重金属元素地积累指数Igeo及分级

    Table  5.   The geo-accumulation index ( Igeo) and the grading of heavy metals

    元素
    Element
    样本数(个)
    Number of samples
    Igeo污染程度
    Pollution degree
    等级
    Grade
    最小值
    Minimum
    平均值
    Arithmetic mean
    最大值
    Maximum
    Cd96−0.700.111.79轻度-中等污染1
    Hg96−2.98−1.32−0.61无污染0
    As96−2.15−1.76−1.52无污染0
    Pb96−2.42−1.211.07无污染0
    Cr96−4.25−3.100.84无污染0
    Cu96−6.40−1.89−0.26无污染0
    Ni96−2.91−0.44−0.78无污染0
    Zn96−2.76−1.230.85无污染0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  8种土壤重金属元素地积累指数(Igeo)分级及频率分布

    Table  6.   Frequency distribution of Igeo grading of 8 heavy metals in soils

    元素
    Element
    等级
    Grade
    污染程度
    Pollution degree
    频数
    Number
    频率
    Frequency(%)
    Cd0无污染5355.2
    1轻度-中等3637.5
    2中等77.3
    Hg0无污染96100
    As0无污染96100
    Pb0无污染8992.7
    1轻度-中等77.3
    2中等00
    Cr0无污染9599.0
    1轻度-中等00
    2中等11.0
    Cu0无污染96100
    Ni0无污染5961.5
    1轻度-中等3738.5
    Zn0无污染8689.6
    1轻度-中等1010.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  土壤重金属总量的潜在生态风险指数

    Table  7.   Potential ecological risk index of total soil heavy metals

    项目
    Item
    EriRI
    CdHgAsPbCrCuNiZn
    均值41.3025.404.463.720.462.376.380.7484.84
    最小值12.357.593.391.400.160.091.000.2245.83
    最大值155.939.335.2515.725.386.2712.902.71190.23
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  土壤重金属元素间相关性分析(n=96)

    Table  8.   Correlation analysis for heavy metals in soil(n=96)

    元素
    Element
    PbCdCrCuNiZnHgAs
    Pb1
    Cd0.508**1
    Cr0.231**0.1911
    Cu0.215*0.416**0.0111
    Ni0.219*−0.1590.083−0.232*1
    Zn0.658**0.819**0.244*0.375**−0.1311
    Hg−0.159−0.477**0.006−0.1780.170−0.318**1
    As−0.433**−0.665**−0.192−0.213*0.182−0.603**0.391**1
      注:双尾检验,**表示在P < 0.01水平上显著,*表示在P < 0.05水平上显著。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-01-26
  • 录用日期:  2022-04-14
  • 修回日期:  2022-03-30
  • 刊出日期:  2022-09-30

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