Effects of Biochar and Phosphorus Application on Red Soil Aggregates and Their Phosphorus Components Distribution
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摘要:
目的 通过大豆盆栽试验,研究了秸秆生物炭与磷肥添加对红壤团聚体稳定性、磷组分分布与植物磷吸收的影响。 方法 试验包括6个处理:P0(不施磷和生物炭)、P30(30 kg P hm−2,不施生物炭)、P90(90 kg P hm−2,不施生物炭)、BP0(不施磷,单施4%生物炭)、BP30(30 kg P hm−2,施4%生物炭)和BP90(90 kg P hm−2,施4%生物炭)。采用湿筛法分离得到粗大团聚体(> 2 mm)、细大团聚体(0.25 ~ 2 mm)和微团聚体(< 0.25 mm)并用连续浸提分级测定了不同团聚体中磷组分分布特征。 结果 ①与P0和P30相比,BP0和BP30处理显著促进粗大团聚体形成与稳定,同时促进大豆生长与磷吸收,且BP30处理增幅最大。②与不施生物炭相比,不同磷水平下添加生物炭均显著降低粗大团聚体全磷、总有机磷、NH4F-Po和NaOH-I-Po含量,同时增加细大团聚体HCl-Pi和NaOH-II-Pi含量与微团聚体总无机磷、HCl-Pi和NaOH-II-Pi含量。③植株磷吸收与粗大团聚体总有机磷、NaOH-I-Po和NaOH-II-Po显著负相关,但与微团聚体和细大团聚体NH4Cl-Pi、HCl-Pi和NaOH-II-Pi显著正相关。 结论 生物炭与低量磷肥配施可有效改善红壤团聚体结构与稳定性,同时促进大团聚体有机磷的活化与微团聚体无机磷的固持,保障作物磷素供应。 Abstract:Objective The effects of straw biochar and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application were investigated on the distribution of P fractions in red soil aggregates and plant P uptake through soybean pot experiment. Method The experiment was set up with the following 6 treatments: P0 (no P and biochar), P30 (30 kg P ha−1, no biochar), P90 (90 kg P ha−1, no biochar), BP0 (no P, 4% biochar alone), BP30 (30 kg P ha−1, combined with 4% biochar) and BP90 (90 kg P ha−1 combined with 4% biochar). Large macro-aggregates ( > 2 mm), small macro-aggregates (0.25-2 mm) and micro-aggregates (< 0.25 mm) were separated by wet sieve method, and P fractions in different aggregates were determined by sequential fractionation. Result ① Compared with P0 or P30, BP0 and BP30 significantly promoted the formation and stability of large macro-aggregates, promoted soybean growth and P uptake simultaneously, with the largest increase observed in BP30. ② Biochar application at different P levels significantly reduced total P, total organic P, NH4F-Po and NaOH-I-Po content in macro-aggregate, while increased HCl-Pi and NaOH-II-Pi in small macro-aggregates and total inorganic P, HCl-Pi and NaOH-II-Pi content in micro-aggregate. (3) The plant P uptake was significantly negatively correlated with the total organic P, NaOH-I-Po and NaOH-II-Po in large macro-aggregates, but significantly positively correlated with NH4Cl-Pi, HCl-Pi and NaOH-II-Pi in micro-aggregates and small macro-aggregates. Conclusion The combined application of biochar and low-level P fertilizer could improve the structure and stability of red soil aggregates effectively, promote the activation of macro-aggregates of organic P and the retention of micro-aggregates of inorganic P to ensure the supply of crop P. The result provides a theoretical basis for the use of biochar in organic P mobilization and crop P uptake. -
Key words:
- Aggregate /
- Sequential phosphorus fractionation /
- Biochar /
- Phosphorus component
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表 1 生物炭与磷肥添加下的大豆植株磷浓度、磷吸收量、生物量与产量
Table 1. Soybean plant yield, biomass, phosphorus (P) concentration and uptake under biochar and P fertilizer addition
处理
Treatment产量
Yield
(g 株–1)生物量(g 株–1)
Biomass磷吸收(mg 株–1)
P uptake磷浓度(mg g–1)
P concentration地上部分
Aboveground地下部分
Underground全株
Total地上部分
Aboveground地下部分
Underground全株
Total根
Root茎
Stem叶
LeafP0 3.50 ± 0.60 c 19.1 ± 3.80 d 2.80 ± 0.40 a 21.8 ± 4.10 d 33.5 ± 4.80 b 4.20 ± 0.40 b 37.7 ± 4.90 b 1.50 ± 0.10 c 1.50 ± 0.20 b 1.60 ± 0.20 c P30 4.40 ± 0.90 bc 20.9 ± 1.50 cd 3.30 ± 0.80 a 24.1 ± 2.00 cd 33.4 ± 6.30 b 5.30 ± 0.60 a 38.7 ± 6.00 b 1.30 ± 0.30 c 1.20 ± 0.30 b 1.50 ± 0.20 c P90 4.20 ± 0.30 c 23.2 ± 1.50 bc 2.70 ± 0.20 a 25.9 ± 1.60 bc 37.5 ± 4.20 b 4.20 ± 0.10 b 41.7 ± 4.20 b 1.40 ± 0.30 c 1.30 ± 0.20 b 1.40 ± 0.10 c BP0 5.20 ± 0.40 ab 26.3 ± 2.10 ab 2.70 ± 0.30 a 29.0 ± 2.00 ab 53.7 ± 2.10 a 4.70 ± 0.70 ab 58.4 ± 2.20 a 1.80 ± 0.10 ab 2.00 ± 0.10 a 1.70 ± 0.10 ab BP30 5.70 ± 0.40 a 27.8 ± 0.30 a 3.00 ± 0.30 a 30.7 ± 0.40 a 54.5 ± 1.40 a 5.40 ± 0.40 a 59.5 ± 1.30 a 1.70 ± 0.10 ab 2.00 ± 0.10 a 1.60 ± 0.10 ab BP90 5.20 ± 0.60 ab 25.9 ± 1.90 bc 2.70 ± 0.40 a 28.5 ± 1.80 bc 54.8 ± 3.50 a 4.40 ± 0.40 b 59.2 ± 3.80 a 1.80 ± 0.10 a 2.10 ± 0.10 a 1.80 ± 0.10 a 注:同一列之间不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05),数据为平均数 ± 标准误差。 表 2 生物炭与磷肥添加下的土壤化学性质
Table 2. Soil properties under biochar and phosphorus (P) fertilizer addition
处理
TreatmentpH 有机碳
SOC
(g kg–1)盐基饱和度
Base saturation
%交换性酸
Exchangeable acid
(cmol kg–1)交换性钾
Exchangeable K
(mg kg–1)交换性钙
Exchangeable Ca
(mg kg–1)交换性钠
Exchangeable Na
(mg kg–1)交换性镁
Exchangeable Mg
(mg kg–1)交换性铝
Exchangeable Al
(mg kg–1)P0 4.94 c 29.0 b 75.8 b 0.98 b 27 b 937 b 102 c 37 c 155 c P30 5.01 cd 28.0 b 71.5 bc 1.20 ab 30 b 946 b 117 c 31 c 201 b P90 5.02 bc 29.0 b 69.0 c 1.33 a 33 b 936 b 107 c 28 c 249 a BP0 5.13 ab 54.0 a 91.5 a 0.45 c 280 a 1071 a 192 a 141 ab 38 d BP30 5.14 a 52.0 a 93.3 a 0.35 c 290 a 1083 a 168 b 134 b 30 d BP90 5.15 a 52.0 a 90.3 a 0.53 c 318 a 1057 a 147 b 147 a 56 d 注:同一列之间不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05) 表 3 土壤团聚体稳定性与土壤化学性质之间的相关性
Table 3. Correlations between soil aggregate stability and chemical properties
平均重量直径
MWD几何平均直径
GMD粗大/细大
LMA/SMA粗大团聚体比例
R> 2细大团聚体比例
R0.25-2微团聚体比例
R< 0.25pH −0.010 −0.050 0.180 0.050 −0.280 0.320 有机碳 0.410* 0.320 0.550** 0.470* −0.670** 0.110 盐基饱和度 0.470* 0.350 0.590** 0.530** −0.740** 0.120 交换性酸 −0.540** −0.420 −0.670** −0.600** 0.790** −0.100 交换性钾 0.420* 0.340 0.540** 0.470* −0.650** 0.080 交换性钙 0.460* 0.330 0.590** 0.510* −0.720** 0.110 交换性钠 0.500* 0.400 0.590** 0.530** −0.660** −0.040 交换性镁 0.360 0.290 0.540** 0.450* −0.690** 0.160 交换性铝 −0.520** −0.400 −0.650** −0.580** 0.800** −0.110 注:* 表示显著相关(P < 0.05);** 表示极显著相关(P < 0.01) -
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