不同黄腐酸结构组成及其对小麦生长的影响

朱启明; 王亚男; 郑重; 曾希柏; 许立阳; 张洋; 李雨欣

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022120302

摘要:

目的为了找出秸秆源黄腐酸（Stalk fulvic acid, SFA）可以作为矿源黄腐酸（Fulvic acid, FA）和生化源黄腐酸（Biochemical fulvic acid, BFA）替代物的原因，探讨不同黄腐酸结构组成及其对小麦生长的影响。

方法利用紫外－可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱和¹³C核磁共振碳谱技术分析不同黄腐酸的结构组成。以冬小麦GY18204为材料，通过小麦根长、苗长、苗干重、根鲜重以及根活力等相关指标明确不同黄腐酸对小麦种子发芽和苗期生长的影响。

结果通过结构分析发现SFA与BFA结构类似，与FA化学结构组成存在一定的差异：SFA和BFA具有更多糖类物质和连氧芳香碳等不稳定和功能化基团，FA具有更多羧基等稳定和功能化较少基团。不同黄腐酸对小麦发芽期均有促进效果，FA可促进小麦发芽的浓度范围更大，BFA和SFA只有施加20和40 mg L⁻¹的较低浓度可以促进小麦发芽，高浓度表现出抑制效果。适当降低氮、磷钾肥的用量后配施黄腐酸可显著促进小麦苗期生长，SFA可使根长和苗长提高20 ~ 50%，使苗干重和根鲜重提高80 ~ 150%，使根活力提高200 ~ 240%。FA可使根长和苗长增加50 ~ 80%，苗干重和根鲜重提高90 ~ 160%，根活力提高220 ~ 250%。由此可知，当黄腐酸浓度控制在适宜范围，其对小麦的生长有明显促进作用。

结论不同来源黄腐酸物理化学性质不同，具有更多不稳定和功能化基团的SFA和BFA在较低的浓度下促进小麦生长，而具有更多稳定和功能化较少基团的FA需要较高的浓度来促进小麦生长。研究结果为秸秆资源开发利用制备黄腐酸及新型生物肥料提供了科学参考。

Abstract:

Objective The stalk fulvic acid (SFA) can be used as a substitute for fulvic acid (FA) and biochemical fulvic acid (BFA), the structure and composition of different fulvic acids and their effects on the growth of wheat are needed to be explored.

Method The UV-visible spectrum, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and ¹³C NMR carbon spectroscopy were used to analyze the structural compositions of different fulvic acids. Using winter wheat GY18204 as material, the effects of different fulvic acids on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat were determined by related indices, such as root length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, root fresh weight and root vigor.

Result It is found that the structure of SFA was similar to BFA, but different from FA through the structural analysis. SFA and BFA have more unstable and functional groups, such as polysaccharide and oxygenated aromatic carbon. FA has more stable and less functional groups, such as carboxyl groups. Different fulvic acids can promote the germination of wheat. FA could promote the germination of wheat in a wider range of concentrations. BFA and SFA promoted wheat germination only at low concentrations of 20 and 40 mg L⁻¹ and inhibited it at higher concentrations. The growth of wheat at seedling stage could be promoted by applying fulvic acid after reducing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. SFA could increase root length and seedling length by 20-50%, seedling dry weight and fresh root weight by 80-150%, and root activity by 200-240%. FA could increase root length and seedling length by 50-80%, seedling dry weight and fresh root weight by 90-160%, and root activity by 220-250%. In conclusion, controlling the concentration of fulvic acid in the appropriate range can promote the growth of wheat obviously.

Conclusion Different sources of fulvic acid have different physical and chemical properties. SFA and BFA with more unstable and functional groups can promote the growth of wheat at a lower concentration, while FA with more stable and less functional groups needs a higher concentration to promote the growth of wheat. The results provide a scientific reference for the exploitation and utilization of stalk resources to prepare fulvic acids and use it as a new biofertilizer for sustainable agricultural production.

不同黄腐酸结构组成及其对小麦生长的影响

Structure and Composition of Different Fulvic Acids and Their Effects on the Growth of Wheat